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Assessing Seasonal Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Furrow-Irrigated Rice with Cover Crops

Author

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  • Sandhya Karki

    (Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA)

  • M. Arlene A. Adviento-Borbe

    (Delta Water Management Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA)

  • Joseph H. Massey

    (Delta Water Management Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA)

  • Michele L. Reba

    (Delta Water Management Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA)

Abstract

Improved irrigation management is identified as a potential mitigation option for methane (CH 4 ) emissions from rice ( Oryza sativa ). Furrow-irrigated rice (FR), an alternative method to grow rice, is increasingly adopted in the Mid-South U.S. However, FR may provide a potential risk to yield performance and higher emissions of nitrous oxide (N 2 O). This study quantified the grain yields, CH 4 and N 2 O emissions from three different water management practices in rice: multiple-inlet rice irrigation (MIRI), FR, and FR with cereal rye ( Secale cereale ) and barley ( Hordeum vulgare ) as preceding winter cover crops (FRCC). CH 4 and N 2 O fluxes were measured from May to September 2019 using a static chamber technique. Grain yield from FR (11.8 Mg ha −1 ) and MIRI (12.0 Mg ha −1 ) was similar, and significantly higher than FRCC (8.5 Mg ha −1 ). FR and FRCC drastically reduced CH 4 emissions compared to MIRI. Total seasonal CH 4 emissions decreased in the order of 44 > 11 > 3 kg CH 4 -C ha −1 from MIRI, FR, and FRCC, respectively. Cumulative seasonal N 2 O emissions were low from MIRI (0.1 kg N 2 O-N ha −1 ) but significantly higher from FR (4.4 kg N 2 O-N ha −1 ) and FRCC (3.0 kg N 2 O-N ha −1 ). However, there was no net difference in global warming potential among FR, FRCC and MIRI. These results suggest that the increased N 2 O flux from furrow-irrigated rice may not greatly detract from the potential benefits that furrow-irrigation offers rice producers.

Suggested Citation

  • Sandhya Karki & M. Arlene A. Adviento-Borbe & Joseph H. Massey & Michele L. Reba, 2021. "Assessing Seasonal Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Furrow-Irrigated Rice with Cover Crops," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-15, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:11:y:2021:i:3:p:261-:d:520413
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Nalley, Lawton Lanier & Massey, Joseph & Durand-Morat, Alvaro & Shew, Aaron & Parajuli, Ranjan & Tsiboe, Francis, 2022. "Comparative economic and environmental assessments of furrow- and flood-irrigated rice production systems," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 274(C).

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