A multidimensional analysis of potential suppliers’ behavioral intentions in shared parking: Insights from SEM, NCA, and fsQCA

Residential shared parking has garnered growing interest as a strategy to alleviate parking scarcity and enhance space utilization. However, private parking space suppliers hesitate to participate in shared parking programs due to the trade-offs between benefits and risks. Therefore, understanding the motives behind the reluctance of potential suppliers is crucial for incentivizing their participation. This study integrates the technology acceptance model (TAM) and expectation confirmation theory (ECT) to investigate the formation mechanisms of behavioral intentions. A three-step analytical approach is employed, comprising structural equation modeling (SEM), necessary condition analysis (NCA), and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). SEM is used to validate the causal relationships and net effects among variables within TAM and ECT, while NCA is used to identify the key prerequisites of potential supplier participation. Finally, fsQCA examines how different configurational effects shape behavioral intentions. The SEM findings suggest that although potential suppliers accept shared parking technology, high decision-making costs (e.g., time and maintenance) reduce their satisfaction and willingness to participate. Further multigroup analyses reveal heterogeneous decision-making motivations in which owners are more risk-averse, whereas renters prioritize stable returns. Additionally, NCA and fsQCA reveal that owners’ behavioral intentions are driven by confirmation and perceived availability, while renters’ intentions depend on confirmation, expectation, satisfaction, and social influence. Nevertheless, perceived risk and low availability are the principal obstacles for both groups. By integrating TAM and ECT, this study enriches the theoretical understanding of shared parking and provides practical recommendations for enhancing potential supplier participation.