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Preparing for an agentic era of human-machine transportation systems: Opportunities, challenges, and policy recommendations

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  • Yu, Jiangbo

Abstract

Human-Machine Transportation Systems (HMTS) refer to transportation systems where humans and machines interact to enable mobility. The history of humans creating and utilizing machines for transportation purposes dates back from the invention of the wheel to more recent innovations such as bicycles, automobiles, traffic signals, handheld navigation devices, asphalt pavers, and computer-aided design and management tools. In recent years, technological advancements have transformed machines from passive tools into more active participants, with humans increasingly delegating complex tasks and responsibilities to them. While these advancements have revolutionized mobility, their siloed, uncoordinated implementation has also introduced critical challenges, including urban sprawl, high fatalities, environmental degradation, and worsened societal disparity.

Suggested Citation

  • Yu, Jiangbo, 2025. "Preparing for an agentic era of human-machine transportation systems: Opportunities, challenges, and policy recommendations," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 78-97.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:trapol:v:171:y:2025:i:c:p:78-97
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2025.05.030
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