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Comparing the earned income tax credit and universal basic income in a heterogeneous agent model

Author

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  • Hasumi, Ryo
  • Takano, Tetsuaki

Abstract

This study quantitatively evaluates two redistributive policies: the earned income tax credit (EITC) and universal basic income (UBI). We construct a continuous time heterogeneous agent model calibrated to the US economy and compare the expansion of the EITC with the introduction of UBI. Both policy changes encourage low-income households’ labor force participation and improve social welfare measured by consumption equivalents. Meanwhile, output declines as the policies discourage precautionary savings and reduce capital stock. Furthermore, they may widen wealth inequality because redistribution lowers income dispersion, and the marginal increase in the value of holding additional assets flattens out, as do consumption and savings.

Suggested Citation

  • Hasumi, Ryo & Takano, Tetsuaki, 2025. "Comparing the earned income tax credit and universal basic income in a heterogeneous agent model," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 238-247.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:streco:v:73:y:2025:i:c:p:238-247
    DOI: 10.1016/j.strueco.2025.01.002
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Mean field game; Heterogeneous agents; EITC; Universal basic income; Labor supply;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E02 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - General - - - Institutions and the Macroeconomy
    • E62 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Fiscal Policy; Modern Monetary Theory
    • H24 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
    • I38 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Government Programs; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
    • J22 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Time Allocation and Labor Supply

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