IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/socmed/v68y2009i5p814-823.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Effects of neighborhood characteristics on the mortality of black male youth: Evidence from Gautreaux, Chicago

Author

Listed:
  • Votruba, Mark Edward
  • Kling, Jeffrey R.

Abstract

We estimate the effect of neighborhood characteristics on the mortality of poor black male youth in families relocated through the Gautreaux Assisted Housing Program, a residential mobility program implemented in Chicago, USA in 1976. Within our sample (NÂ =Â 2850), 52 post-placement deaths were observed, the majority of which (30) were homicides. All-cause and homicide mortality rates were substantially lower among those relocating to Census tracts with higher fractions of residents with college degrees, which suggests that relocating to more-advantaged neighborhoods can ameliorate the mortality risks faced by this population. The estimated effect declines over the post-placement period, a result consistent with evidence that Gautreaux families routinely relocated following their initial placement. A causal interpretation of these findings is undermined somewhat by evidence of neighborhood selection, though the mortality effect estimate is very robust to inclusion of covariates predictive of placement tract characteristics. Mortality effect estimates relating to Census tract measures of socioeconomic deprivation other than education were weaker in magnitude and generally insignificant, suggesting that neighborhood levels of human capital more strongly affect the mortality risks faced by this population than racial composition or neighborhood poverty.

Suggested Citation

  • Votruba, Mark Edward & Kling, Jeffrey R., 2009. "Effects of neighborhood characteristics on the mortality of black male youth: Evidence from Gautreaux, Chicago," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 68(5), pages 814-823, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:68:y:2009:i:5:p:814-823
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277-9536(08)00666-7
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Durkin, M.S. & Davidson, L.L. & Kuhn, L. & O'Connor, P. & Barlow, B., 1994. "Low-income neighborhoods and the risk of severe pediatric injury: A small- area analysis in Northern Manhattan," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 84(4), pages 587-592.
    2. Zierler, S. & Krieger, N. & Tang, Y. & Coady, W. & Siegfried, E. & DeMaria, A. & Auerbach, J., 2000. "Economic deprivation and AIDS incidence in Massachusetts," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 90(7), pages 1064-1073.
    3. Jeffrey R. Kling & Jens Ludwig & Lawrence F. Katz, 2005. "Neighborhood Effects on Crime for Female and Male Youth: Evidence from a Randomized Housing Voucher Experiment," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Oxford University Press, vol. 120(1), pages 87-130.
    4. Susan J. Popkin & James E. Rosenbaum & Patricia M. Meaden, 1993. "Labor market experiences of low-income black women in middle-class suburbs: Evidence from a survey of gautreaux program participants," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 12(3), pages 556-573.
    5. Stefanie DeLuca & James Rosenbaum, 2003. "If low‐income blacks are given a chance to live in white neighborhoods, will they stay? Examining mobility patterns in a quasi‐experimental program with administrative data," Housing Policy Debate, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(3), pages 305-345.
    6. Jeffrey R Kling & Jeffrey B Liebman & Lawrence F Katz, 2007. "Experimental Analysis of Neighborhood Effects," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 75(1), pages 83-119, January.
    7. Reading, Richard & Langford, Ian H. & Haynes, Robin & Lovett, Andrew, 1999. "Accidents to preschool children: comparing family and neighbourhood risk factors," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 48(3), pages 321-329, February.
    8. Oakes, J. Michael, 2004. "The (mis)estimation of neighborhood effects: causal inference for a practicable social epidemiology," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 58(10), pages 1929-1952, May.
    9. Waitzman, N.J. & Smith, K.R., 1998. "Erratum: Phantom of the area: Poverty-area residence and mortality in the United States (American Journal of Public Health (1998) 88 (973-976))," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 88(7), pages 1122-1122.
    10. Waitzman, N.J. & Smith, K.R., 1998. "Phantom of the area: Poverty-area residence and mortality in the United States," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 88(6), pages 973-976.
    11. Acevedo-Garcia, D., 2001. "Zip code-level risk factors for tuberculosis: Neighborhood environment and residential segregation in New Jersey, 1985-1992," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 91(5), pages 734-741.
    12. Micere Keels & Greg Duncan & Stefanie Deluca & Ruby Mendenhall & James Rosenbaum, 2005. "Fifteen years later: Can residential mobility programs provide a long-term escape from neighborhood segregation, crime, and poverty," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 42(1), pages 51-73, February.
    13. Lynch, J.W. & Kaplan, G.A. & Pamuk, E.R. & Cohen, R.D. & Heck, K.E. & Balfour, J.L. & Yen, I.H., 1998. "Income inequality and mortality in metropolitan areas of the United States," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 88(7), pages 1074-1080.
    14. Matteson, Donald W. & Burr, Jeffrey A. & Marshall, James R., 1998. "Infant mortality: A multi-level analysis of individual and community risk factors," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 47(11), pages 1841-1854, December.
    15. Subramanian, S. V. & Kawachi, Ichiro & Kennedy, Bruce P., 2001. "Does the state you live in make a difference? Multilevel analysis of self-rated health in the US," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 53(1), pages 9-19, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Dionissi Aliprantis, 2011. "Assessing the evidence on neighborhood effects from moving to opportunity," Working Papers (Old Series) 1101, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.
    2. Eric Chyn & Lawrence F. Katz, 2021. "Neighborhoods Matter: Assessing the Evidence for Place Effects," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 35(4), pages 197-222, Fall.
    3. Jacob, Brian A. & Ludwig, Jens & Miller, Douglas L., 2013. "The effects of housing and neighborhood conditions on child mortality," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(1), pages 195-206.
    4. PatrickSharkey & Amy Ellen Schwartz & Ingrid Gould Ellen & Johanna Lacoe, 2013. "High stakes in the classroom, high stakes on the street: The effects of community violence on students’ standardized test performance," Working Paper 9313, USC Lusk Center for Real Estate.
    5. Dionissi Aliprantis & Francisca Richter, 2012. "Local average neighborhood effects from moving to opportunity," Working Papers (Old Series) 1208, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.
    6. Dionissi Aliprantis, 2017. "Assessing the evidence on neighborhood effects from Moving to Opportunity," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 52(3), pages 925-954, May.
    7. Björkegren, Evelina, 2018. "Neighborhoods and youth health: Everybody needs good neighbors?," Working Paper Series 2018:10, IFAU - Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. repec:pri:cepsud:107kling is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Mark E. Votruba & Jeffrey R. Kling, 2004. "Effects of Neighborhood Characteristics on the Mortality of Black Male Youth: Evidence From Gautreaux," Working Papers 870, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Industrial Relations Section..
    3. Mark E. Votruba & Jeffrey R. Kling, 2005. "Effects of Neighborhood Characteristics on the Mortality of Black Male Youth: Evidence From Gautreaux," Working Papers 95, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Center for Economic Policy Studies..
    4. Jeffrey R. Kling & Mark E. Votruba, 2004. "Effects of Neighborhood Characteristics on the Mortality of Black Male Youth: Evidence From Gautreaux," Working Papers 870, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Industrial Relations Section..
    5. Jacob, Brian A. & Ludwig, Jens & Miller, Douglas L., 2013. "The effects of housing and neighborhood conditions on child mortality," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(1), pages 195-206.
    6. Stephen L. Ross, 2009. "Social Interactions within Cities: Neighborhood Environments and Peer Relationships," Working papers 2009-31, University of Connecticut, Department of Economics.
    7. Patrick Bayer & Stephen L. Ross, 2006. "Identifying Individual and Group Effects in the Presence of Sorting: A Neighborhood Effects Application," Working papers 2006-13, University of Connecticut, Department of Economics, revised Jan 2009.
    8. Topa, Giorgio & Zenou, Yves, 2015. "Neighborhood and Network Effects," Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics, in: Gilles Duranton & J. V. Henderson & William C. Strange (ed.), Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics, edition 1, volume 5, chapter 0, pages 561-624, Elsevier.
    9. Dionissi Aliprantis, 2011. "Assessing the evidence on neighborhood effects from moving to opportunity," Working Papers (Old Series) 1101, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.
    10. Scribner, Richard Allen & Theall, Katherine P. & Simonsen, Neal R. & Mason, Karen E. & Yu, Qingzhao, 2009. "Misspecification of the effect of race in fixed effects models of health inequalities," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 69(11), pages 1584-1591, December.
    11. Jacob Vigdor & Jens Ludwig, 2007. "Segregation and the Black-White Test Score Gap," NBER Working Papers 12988, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    12. Do, D. Phuong & Dubowitz, Tamara & Bird, Chloe E. & Lurie, Nicole & Escarce, Jose J. & Finch, Brian K., 2007. "Neighborhood context and ethnicity differences in body mass index: A multilevel analysis using the NHANES III survey (1988-1994)," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 5(2), pages 179-203, July.
    13. Steven N. Durlauf & Yannis M. Ioannides, 2010. "Social Interactions," Annual Review of Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 2(1), pages 451-478, September.
    14. Humphrey, Jamie L. & Root, Elisabeth D., 2017. "Spatio-temporal neighborhood impacts on internalizing and externalizing behaviors in U.S. elementary school children: Effect modification by child and family socio-demographics," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 52-61.
    15. Cheshire, Paul, 2009. "Policies for mixed communities: faith-based displacement activity?," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 30783, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    16. Dionissi Aliprantis & Hal Martin & Kristen Tauber, 2020. "What Determines the Success of Housing Mobility Programs?," Working Papers 20-36R, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, revised 19 Oct 2022.
    17. Roland G. Fryer, Jr. & Paul Torelli, 2005. "An Empirical Analysis of 'Acting White'," NBER Working Papers 11334, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    18. Stefanie DeLuca & Philip M. E. Garboden & Peter Rosenblatt, 2013. "Segregating Shelter," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 647(1), pages 268-299, May.
    19. Gennetian, Lisa A. & Sciandra, Matthew & Sanbonmatsu, Lisa & Ludwig, Jens & Katz, Lawrence F. & Duncan, Greg J. & Kling, Jeffrey R. & Kessler, Ronald, 2012. "The Long-Term Effects of Moving to Opportunity on Youth Outcomes," Scholarly Articles 33950779, Harvard University Department of Economics.
    20. Hannah L F Cooper & Sabriya Linton & Mary E Kelley & Zev Ross & Mary E Wolfe & Yen-Tyng Chen & Maria Zlotorzynska & Josalin Hunter-Jones & Samuel R Friedman & Don C Des Jarlais & Barbara Tempalski & E, 2016. "Risk Environments, Race/Ethnicity, and HIV Status in a Large Sample of People Who Inject Drugs in the United States," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(3), pages 1-21, March.
    21. Islam, M. Kamrul & Gerdtham, Ulf-G. & Gullberg, Bo & Lindström, Martin & Merlo, Juan, 2008. "Social capital externalities and mortality in Sweden," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 6(1), pages 19-42, March.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:68:y:2009:i:5:p:814-823. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/315/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.