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Zip code-level risk factors for tuberculosis: Neighborhood environment and residential segregation in New Jersey, 1985-1992

Author

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  • Acevedo-Garcia, D.

Abstract

Objectives. This study examined zip code-level risk factors associated with very high tuberculosis (TB) rates among non-Hispanic Whites, African Americans, Hispanics, and Asians in New Jersey (1985-1992). Methods. Exposure indices (poverty, crowded housing, and dilapidated housing) and segregation indices (contact with immigrants, isolation, and density) were used to characterize zip codes, A Boolean-logic methodology was used to determine which configurations of risk factors significantly distinguish zip codes where TB rates are very high from other zip codes. Results. For Whites and Asians, risk factors were rare in zip codes with very high TB rates. In agreement with the distribution of TB cases by age and foreign-born status, this suggests that cases among Whites may be caused by reactivation, whereas cases among Asians may be imported. In contrast, Hispanics and African Americans were exposed to risk factors that may facilitate TB transmission, Among Hispanics, high contact with immigrants was an important factor, African Americans were the group most frequently exposed to multiple risk factors. Conclusions. For Hispanics and African Americans, zip code-level risk factors were associated with very high TB rates.

Suggested Citation

  • Acevedo-Garcia, D., 2001. "Zip code-level risk factors for tuberculosis: Neighborhood environment and residential segregation in New Jersey, 1985-1992," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 91(5), pages 734-741.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:2001:91:5:734-741_4
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    Cited by:

    1. Mark E. Votruba & Jeffrey R. Kling, 2005. "Effects of Neighborhood Characteristics on the Mortality of Black Male Youth: Evidence From Gautreaux," Working Papers 95, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Center for Economic Policy Studies..
    2. Chunzhu Wei & Pablo Cabrera-Barona & Thomas Blaschke, 2016. "Local Geographic Variation of Public Services Inequality: Does the Neighborhood Scale Matter?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-20, October.
    3. Raffaele Lagravinese & Paolo Liberati & Giuliano Resce, 2020. "Measuring Health Inequality in US: A Composite Index Approach," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 147(3), pages 921-946, February.
    4. Noreen Goldman & Anne Pebley & Mathew Creighton & Graciela Teruel & Luis Rubalcava & Chang Chung, 2014. "The Consequences of Migration to the United States for Short-Term Changes in the Health of Mexican Immigrants," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 51(4), pages 1159-1173, August.
    5. Musharraf Cyan & Michael Price & Mark Rider, 2017. "A Health Literacy RCT toward Improvement of Programmatic Outcomes of Tuberculosis Control in the Tribal Areas of Pakistan Governance Support Program Post-Crisis," International Center for Public Policy Working Paper Series, at AYSPS, GSU paper1711, International Center for Public Policy, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University.
    6. Lee, Min-Ah, 2009. "Neighborhood residential segregation and mental health: A multilevel analysis on Hispanic Americans in Chicago," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 68(11), pages 1975-1984, June.
    7. Samuel R. Friedman & Ashly E. Jordan & David C. Perlman & Georgios K. Nikolopoulos & Pedro Mateu-Gelabert, 2022. "Emerging Zoonotic Infections, Social Processes and Their Measurement and Enhanced Surveillance to Improve Zoonotic Epidemic Responses: A “Big Events” Perspective," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(2), pages 1-11, January.
    8. Votruba, Mark Edward & Kling, Jeffrey R., 2009. "Effects of neighborhood characteristics on the mortality of black male youth: Evidence from Gautreaux, Chicago," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 68(5), pages 814-823, March.
    9. Mark E. Votruba & Jeffrey R. Kling, 2004. "Effects of Neighborhood Characteristics on the Mortality of Black Male Youth: Evidence From Gautreaux," Working Papers 870, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Industrial Relations Section..
    10. Dinwiddie, Gniesha Y. & Gaskin, Darrell J. & Chan, Kitty S. & Norrington, Janette & McCleary, Rachel, 2013. "Residential segregation, geographic proximity and type of services used: Evidence for racial/ethnic disparities in mental health," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 67-75.
    11. Jeffrey R. Kling & Mark E. Votruba, 2004. "Effects of Neighborhood Characteristics on the Mortality of Black Male Youth: Evidence From Gautreaux," Working Papers 870, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Industrial Relations Section..
    12. repec:pri:cepsud:107kling is not listed on IDEAS
    13. Vang, Zoua M. & Elo, Irma T., 2013. "Exploring the health consequences of majority–minority neighborhoods: Minority diversity and birthweight among native-born and foreign-born blacks," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 56-65.
    14. Thorpe Jr., Roland J. & Brandon, Dwayne T. & LaVeist, Thomas A., 2008. "Social context as an explanation for race disparities in hypertension: Findings from the Exploring Health Disparities in Integrated Communities (EHDIC) Study," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 67(10), pages 1604-1611, November.
    15. Ousey, Graham C., 2017. "Crime is not the only problem: Examining why violence & adverse health outcomes co-vary across large U.S. counties," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 29-41.
    16. Hongwei Xu & John Logan & Susan Short, 2014. "Integrating Space With Place in Health Research: A Multilevel Spatial Investigation Using Child Mortality in 1880 Newark, New Jersey," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 51(3), pages 811-834, June.
    17. Do, D. Phuong & Wang, Lu & Elliott, Michael R., 2013. "Investigating the relationship between neighborhood poverty and mortality risk: A marginal structural modeling approach," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 58-66.
    18. Do, D. Phuong & Dubowitz, Tamara & Bird, Chloe E. & Lurie, Nicole & Escarce, Jose J. & Finch, Brian K., 2007. "Neighborhood context and ethnicity differences in body mass index: A multilevel analysis using the NHANES III survey (1988-1994)," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 5(2), pages 179-203, July.
    19. Alessio Russo & Wing Tung Chan & Giuseppe T. Cirella, 2021. "Estimating Air Pollution Removal and Monetary Value for Urban Green Infrastructure Strategies Using Web-Based Applications," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-17, July.
    20. Matthew Quick & Nick Revington, 2022. "Exploring the global and local patterns of income segregation in Toronto, Canada: A multilevel multigroup modeling approach," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 49(2), pages 637-653, February.

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