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Accidents to preschool children: comparing family and neighbourhood risk factors

Author

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  • Reading, Richard
  • Langford, Ian H.
  • Haynes, Robin
  • Lovett, Andrew

Abstract

Accidental injury in young children is more common among poorer families and in deprived areas but little is known about how these factors interact. This paper describes a study to measure the contribution of individual family factors and area characteristics in determining risk of accidental injury among preschool children. We conducted a population based study of preschool accident and emergency attendances over two years in and around the city of Norwich, UK. Information on individual families was extracted from the district child health information system while "social areas" were constructed from adjacent census enumeration districts with homogeneous social and demographic characteristics. Statistical analysis was by multilevel modelling. Accidental injury rates were much higher in deprived urban neighbourhoods than in affluent areas but the multilevel analysis showed that, for all accidents, much of the variation in rates was accounted for by factors at the individual level i.e. male sex, young maternal age, number of elder siblings and distance from hospital, with a smaller, but independent, influence of living in a deprived neighbourhood. The model for more severe injuries was similar except single parenthood was now significant at the level of individuals and the effect of area deprivation was stronger. We conclude that preschool accidental injuries are influenced by factors operating at both the level of individual families and between areas. This evidence suggests that both social policy changes to improve child care among unsupported young families and targeting accident prevention measures at a local level towards deprived neighbourhoods would reduce accidents.

Suggested Citation

  • Reading, Richard & Langford, Ian H. & Haynes, Robin & Lovett, Andrew, 1999. "Accidents to preschool children: comparing family and neighbourhood risk factors," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 48(3), pages 321-329, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:48:y:1999:i:3:p:321-329
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Mark E. Votruba & Jeffrey R. Kling, 2005. "Effects of Neighborhood Characteristics on the Mortality of Black Male Youth: Evidence From Gautreaux," Working Papers 95, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Center for Economic Policy Studies..
    2. Cox, Amanda & Morrongiello, Barbara A. & Bryant, Lindsay, 2021. "A longitudinal study of parents' expectations about infants’ emerging behaviors and their safety strategies to moderate injury risk," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 291(C).
    3. Votruba, Mark Edward & Kling, Jeffrey R., 2009. "Effects of neighborhood characteristics on the mortality of black male youth: Evidence from Gautreaux, Chicago," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 68(5), pages 814-823, March.
    4. Elizabeth Orton & Denise Kendrick & Joe West & Laila J Tata, 2012. "Independent Risk Factors for Injury in Pre-School Children: Three Population-Based Nested Case-Control Studies Using Routine Primary Care Data," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(4), pages 1-8, April.
    5. Mark E. Votruba & Jeffrey R. Kling, 2004. "Effects of Neighborhood Characteristics on the Mortality of Black Male Youth: Evidence From Gautreaux," Working Papers 870, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Industrial Relations Section..
    6. Jacqueline W Curtis, 2017. "Spatial distribution of child pedestrian injuries along census tract boundaries: Implications for identifying area-based correlates," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(6), pages 1-14, June.
    7. Galiani, Sebastian & Schargrodsky, Ernesto, 2004. "Effects of land titling on child health," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 2(3), pages 353-372, December.
    8. Jeffrey R. Kling & Mark E. Votruba, 2004. "Effects of Neighborhood Characteristics on the Mortality of Black Male Youth: Evidence From Gautreaux," Working Papers 870, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Industrial Relations Section..
    9. repec:pri:cepsud:107kling is not listed on IDEAS
    10. Sha Ma & Minmin Jiang & Feng Wang & Jingjing Lu & Lu Li & Therese Hesketh, 2019. "Left-Behind Children and Risk of Unintentional Injury in Rural China—A Cross-Sectional Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-9, January.
    11. Leininger, Lindsey Jeanne & Ryan, Rebecca M. & Kalil, Ariel, 2009. "Low-income mothers' social support and children's injuries," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 68(12), pages 2113-2121, June.
    12. Reading, Richard & Jones, Andrew & Haynes, Robin & Daras, Konstantinos & Emond, Alan, 2008. "Individual factors explain neighbourhood variations in accidents to children under 5 years of age," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 67(6), pages 915-927, September.
    13. Kendrick, Denise & Mulvaney, Caroline & Burton, Paul & Watson, Michael, 2005. "Relationships between child, family and neighbourhood characteristics and childhood injury: A cohort study," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 61(9), pages 1905-1915, November.

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