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Critical analysis on hydrogen as an alternative to fossil fuels and biofuels for vehicles in Europe

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  • Sobrino, Fernando Hernández
  • Monroy, Carlos Rodríguez
  • Pérez, José Luís Hernández

Abstract

In recent times, the global debate on the environment has been centered on CO2 emissions. This gas is the major cause of the "greenhouse effect" and people are more concerned with the idea that the emissions of this gas should be minimized. As a result of this concern, the Kyoto Protocol was enacted and subscribed to by many countries, setting the maximum gas emissions for them. Fossil fuels are a major source of CO2 emissions. For some years now The European Union has been seeking to promote some years now the use of biofuels as substitutes for diesel or petrol for transport purposes. As a result of this policy, in 2003 the European Union (EU) Directive 2003/30/EC [1] was developed with the aim of promoting the use of biofuels as a substitute for diesel or gasoline among European Union countries as well as to contribute to fulfilling the commitments acquired on climate change, security of supply in environmentally friendly conditions and the promotion of renewable energy sources. In order to achieve these goals, the directive forces all EU members to ensure that before December 31 of 2010 at least 5.75% of all gasoline and diesel fuels sold for transport purposes are biofuels. European Union countries have social and economic characteristics unique to themselves. The energy dependence on foreign sources, the features of the agricultural sector or the degree of industrialization varies greatly from one country to another. In this context, it is questionable whether the obligation imposed by this directive is actually achieving in its application uniform and/or identical goals in each of the countries involved and whether the actions of the various governments are also aligned with these goals. All these ideas were developed in a previous report (Sobrino and Monroy (2009) [2]). This report examines the possibility of using hydrogen as an alternative to fossil fuels and biofuels from a technical, economic and environmental point of view in the specific case of a European Union country: Spain.

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  • Sobrino, Fernando Hernández & Monroy, Carlos Rodríguez & Pérez, José Luís Hernández, 2010. "Critical analysis on hydrogen as an alternative to fossil fuels and biofuels for vehicles in Europe," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(2), pages 772-780, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:14:y:2010:i:2:p:772-780
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    2. Sobrino, Fernando Hernández & Monroy, Carlos Rodríguez, 2009. "Critical analysis of the European Union directive which regulates the use of biofuels: An approach to the Spanish case," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(9), pages 2675-2681, December.
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    1. Fayaz, H. & Saidur, R. & Razali, N. & Anuar, F.S. & Saleman, A.R. & Islam, M.R., 2012. "An overview of hydrogen as a vehicle fuel," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(8), pages 5511-5528.
    2. Salvi, B.L. & Subramanian, K.A. & Panwar, N.L., 2013. "Alternative fuels for transportation vehicles: A technical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 404-419.
    3. Abbasi, Tasneem & Abbasi, S.A., 2011. "'Renewable' hydrogen: Prospects and challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(6), pages 3034-3040, August.
    4. Dingenen, Fons & Verbruggen, Sammy W., 2021. "Tapping hydrogen fuel from the ocean: A review on photocatalytic, photoelectrochemical and electrolytic splitting of seawater," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
    5. Kumar, Lalit & Jain, Shailendra, 2014. "Electric propulsion system for electric vehicular technology: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 924-940.
    6. Sobrino, Fernando Hernández & Monroy, Carlos Rodríguez & Pérez, José Luís Hernández, 2011. "Biofuels and fossil fuels: Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) optimisation through productive resources maximisation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(6), pages 2621-2628, August.
    7. Liu, P.F. & Chu, J.K. & Hou, S.J. & Xu, P. & Zheng, J.Y., 2012. "Numerical simulation and optimal design for composite high-pressure hydrogen storage vessel: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(4), pages 1817-1827.
    8. Pham, An T. & Lovdal, Larson & Zhang, Tianyi & Craig, Michael T., 2022. "A techno-economic analysis of distributed energy resources versus wholesale electricity purchases for fueling decarbonized heavy duty vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).
    9. Ribeiro, Barbara Esteves, 2013. "Beyond commonplace biofuels: Social aspects of ethanol," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 355-362.
    10. Tarigan, Ari K.M. & Bayer, Stian B., 2012. "Temporal change analysis of public attitude, knowledge and acceptance of hydrogen vehicles in Greater Stavanger, 2006–2009," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(8), pages 5535-5544.
    11. Singh, Sonal & Jain, Shikha & PS, Venkateswaran & Tiwari, Avanish K. & Nouni, Mansa R. & Pandey, Jitendra K. & Goel, Sanket, 2015. "Hydrogen: A sustainable fuel for future of the transport sector," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 623-633.

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