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Abnormal retained earnings around the world

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  • Paulo, Alves

Abstract

Using a firm-level survey database covering 41 countries, we evaluate firms’ abnormal retained earnings. The results of our work show that the trends of cash holdings and retained earnings are independent. While cash holdings around the world have been increasing, the opposite has occurred for retained earnings. We show that cash holdings are influenced by precautionary motives and retained earnings by firms’ growth opportunities. Abnormal retained earnings rise with GDP growth and decrease following the 2008 financial crisis, confirming the impact of growth opportunities. Uniquely, US firms show positive abnormal retained earnings after the crisis, possibly explaining recent trends in the US stock market.

Suggested Citation

  • Paulo, Alves, 2018. "Abnormal retained earnings around the world," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 63-74.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:mulfin:v:46:y:2018:i:c:p:63-74
    DOI: 10.1016/j.mulfin.2018.05.002
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    Cited by:

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    2. Alves, Paulo, 2018. "Cash holdings around the world: Financial crisis, culture and shareholder rights," MPRA Paper 89861, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2018.
    3. Hirk, Rainer & Vana, Laura & Hornik, Kurt, 2022. "A corporate credit rating model with autoregressive errors," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 224-240.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Abnormal retained earnings; Cash holdings; Firms’ growth opportunities; Precautionary motive;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill
    • G38 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Government Policy and Regulation

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