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Intelligence, family income and parental education in the Sudan

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  • Husain, Nagat Ibrahim Abd Elmaged
  • Meisenberg, Gerhard
  • Becker, David
  • Bakhiet, Salaheldin Farah
  • Essa, Yossry Ahmed Sayed
  • Lynn, Richard
  • Al Julayghim, Faris Mohsen Humayjan

Abstract

The SPM+ was administered on a sample of 5189 school children from Sudan in 2016. Data about age, sex, locality, school type and stage, parental education and profession, family size and birth order were collected. Results for intelligence are congruent with the literature, giving the sample a mean IQ of ≈80 on British norms. Sex-differences are largely negligible. Differences in intelligence were found between three locations and are consistent with differences in parental education and income. Family income is a better predictor than parental education for children's intelligence. Children in private schools outperform children in public schools with mean IQs of 84–78 but path analysis points to a possible negative effect of private education. IQ-differences between age-groups and school-stages were found but no Simber-effect. The effects of selective processes along the educational pathway are shown and discussed with reference to the need for samples more representative for total populations.

Suggested Citation

  • Husain, Nagat Ibrahim Abd Elmaged & Meisenberg, Gerhard & Becker, David & Bakhiet, Salaheldin Farah & Essa, Yossry Ahmed Sayed & Lynn, Richard & Al Julayghim, Faris Mohsen Humayjan, 2019. "Intelligence, family income and parental education in the Sudan," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:intell:v:77:y:2019:i:c:s0160289619301849
    DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2019.101402
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Faki, Hamid & Mohamed Nur, Eltahir & Abdelfattah, Abdelaziz & Aw-Hassan, Aden, 2012. "Poverty Assessment Northern Sudan," Working Papers 253879, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA).
    2. Kingdon, Geeta, 1996. "The Quality and Efficiency of Private and Public Education: A Case-Study of Urban India," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 58(1), pages 57-82, February.
    3. Kuba, Radim & Flegr, Jaroslav & Havlíček, Jan, 2018. "The effect of birth order on the probability of university enrolment," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 61-72.
    4. Dutton, Edward & Bakhiet, Salaheldin Farah & Ziada, Khaled Elsayed & Essa, Yossry Ahmed Sayed & Blahmar, Tahani Abdulrahman Muhammed, 2017. "A Negative Flynn Effect in Khartoum, the Sudanese capital," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 51-55.
    5. Monazza Aslam, 2009. "The relative effectiveness of government and private schools in Pakistan: are girls worse off?," Education Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(3), pages 329-354.
    6. David M. Blau, 1999. "The Effect Of Income On Child Development," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 81(2), pages 261-276, May.
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    1. Warne, Russell T. & Larsen, Ross A.A. & Clark, Jonathan, 2020. "Low base rates and a high IQ selection threshold prevented Terman from identifying future Nobelists," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
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