IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/finana/v91y2024ics1057521923004945.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Business model and ESG pillars: The impacts on banking default risk

Author

Listed:
  • Palmieri, Egidio
  • Ferilli, Greta Benedetta
  • Altunbas, Yener
  • Stefanelli, Valeria
  • Geretto, Enrico Fioravante

Abstract

The recent banks' failures have highlighted the importance of improving banking sector supervision, emphasizing the need to adopt a holistic approach to risk assessment based on an evaluation of a bank's business model (BBM) that combines financial (e.g., bank's balance data) and non-financial information (e.g., bank's ESG performance). In this study, we explore the joint effect of BBM and their environmental (ENV), social (SOC), and governance (GOV) pillars performance on banks' riskiness profile. The study uses a sample of 639 EU banks from 2013 to 2022 and applied a random effects model. Our findings suggest wholesale and retail banks could mitigate default risk, enhancing their ENV pillar performance. Differently, investment banks are encouraged to improve their governance best practices and structure to take advantage in terms of riskiness reduction. These results remain consistent after a series of robustness tests, including the 2SLS model and the Arellano coefficient estimation. Our paper offers practical implications for banking supervisory authorities and practitioners, encouraging to adopt a diversified ESG investment strategy according to bank-specific business models.

Suggested Citation

  • Palmieri, Egidio & Ferilli, Greta Benedetta & Altunbas, Yener & Stefanelli, Valeria & Geretto, Enrico Fioravante, 2024. "Business model and ESG pillars: The impacts on banking default risk," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:finana:v:91:y:2024:i:c:s1057521923004945
    DOI: 10.1016/j.irfa.2023.102978
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1057521923004945
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.irfa.2023.102978?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Liu, Xufeng & Wan, Die, 2023. "Retail investor trading and ESG pricing in China," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    2. Ben Abdesslem, Rim & Chkir, Imed & Dabbou, Halim, 2022. "Is managerial ability a moderator? The effect of credit risk and liquidity risk on the likelihood of bank default," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    3. Manganelli, Simone & Altunbas, Yener & Marqués-Ibáñez, David, 2011. "Bank risk during the financial crisis: do business models matter?," Working Paper Series 1394, European Central Bank.
    4. Arellano, Manuel & Bover, Olympia, 1995. "Another look at the instrumental variable estimation of error-components models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 68(1), pages 29-51, July.
    5. Yener Altunbas & Leonardo Gambacorta & David Marques-Ibanez, 2010. "Does monetary policy affect bank risk-taking?," BIS Working Papers 298, Bank for International Settlements.
    6. Nguyen, Quyen & Diaz-Rainey, Ivan & Kuruppuarachchi, Duminda & McCarten, Matthew & Tan, Eric K.M., 2023. "Climate transition risk in U.S. loan portfolios: Are all banks the same?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    7. Rungporn Roengpitya & Nikola Tarashev & Kostas Tsatsaronis & Alan Villegas, 2017. "Bank business models: popularity and performance," BIS Working Papers 682, Bank for International Settlements.
    8. Chen, Zhongfei & Xie, Guanxia, 2022. "ESG disclosure and financial performance: Moderating role of ESG investors," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    9. Laura Chiaramonte & Alberto Dreassi & Claudia Girardone & Stefano Piserà, 2022. "Do ESG strategies enhance bank stability during financial turmoil? Evidence from Europe," The European Journal of Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(12), pages 1173-1211, August.
    10. Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli & Huizinga, Harry, 2010. "Bank activity and funding strategies: The impact on risk and returns," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 98(3), pages 626-650, December.
    11. Palmieri, Egidio & Ferilli, Greta B. & Stefanelli, Valeria & Geretto, Enrico F. & Polato, Maurizio, 2023. "Assessing the influence of ESG score, industry, and stock index on firm default risk: A sustainable bank lending perspective," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 57(C).
    12. Simon Kwan & Robert Eisenbeis, 1997. "Bank Risk, Capitalization, and Operating Efficiency," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 12(2), pages 117-131, October.
    13. Lartey, Theophilus & James, Gregory A. & Danso, Albert & Boateng, Agyenim, 2022. "Bank business models, failure risk and earnings opacity: A short- versus long-term perspective," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    14. Altunbas, Yener & Manganelli, Simone & Marques-Ibanez, David, 2017. "Realized bank risk during the great recession," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 29-44.
    15. Haq, Mamiza & Heaney, Richard, 2012. "Factors determining European bank risk," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 22(4), pages 696-718.
    16. Cubillas, Elena & González, Francisco, 2014. "Financial liberalization and bank risk-taking: International evidence," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 11(C), pages 32-48.
    17. Wooldridge, Jeffrey M., 2016. "Should instrumental variables be used as matching variables?," Research in Economics, Elsevier, vol. 70(2), pages 232-237.
    18. Fionn Murtagh & Pierre Legendre, 2014. "Ward’s Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering Method: Which Algorithms Implement Ward’s Criterion?," Journal of Classification, Springer;The Classification Society, vol. 31(3), pages 274-295, October.
    19. Badunenko, Oleg & Kumbhakar, Subal C. & Lozano‐Vivas, Ana, 2021. "Achieving a sustainable cost-efficient business model in banking: The case of European commercial banks," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 293(2), pages 773-785.
    20. Citterio, Alberto & King, Timothy, 2023. "The role of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) in predicting bank financial distress," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
    21. Francesco Gangi & Antonio Meles & Eugenio D'Angelo & Lucia Michela Daniele, 2019. "Sustainable development and corporate governance in the financial system: Are environmentally friendly banks less risky?," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 26(3), pages 529-547, May.
    22. Beutler, Toni & Gubler, Matthias & Hauri, Simona & Kaufmann, Sylvia, 2021. "Bank lending in Switzerland: Driven by business models and exposed to uncertainty," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    23. Wong, Woei Chyuan & Batten, Jonathan A. & Ahmad, Abd Halim & Mohamed-Arshad, Shamsul Bahrain & Nordin, Sabariah & Adzis, Azira Abdul, 2021. "Does ESG certification add firm value?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 39(C).
    24. David C. Wheelock & Paul W. Wilson, 2000. "Why do Banks Disappear? The Determinants of U.S. Bank Failures and Acquisitions," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 82(1), pages 127-138, February.
    25. Wang, Chih-Wei & Chiu, Wan-Chien & Peña, Juan Ignacio, 2017. "Effect of rollover risk on default risk: Evidence from bank financing," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 130-143.
    26. Irene Monasterolo, 2020. "Climate Change and the Financial System," Annual Review of Resource Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 12(1), pages 299-320, October.
    27. Caterina Di Tommaso & John Thornton, 2020. "Do ESG scores effect bank risk taking and value? Evidence from European banks," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 27(5), pages 2286-2298, September.
    28. Köhler, Matthias, 2015. "Which banks are more risky? The impact of business models on bank stability," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 16(C), pages 195-212.
    29. Amel, Dean F & Rhoades, Stephen A, 1988. "Strategic Groups in Banking," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 70(4), pages 685-689, November.
    30. Matteo Farnè & Angelos T. Vouldis, 2021. "Banks’ business models in the euro area: a cluster analysis in high dimensions," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 305(1), pages 23-57, October.
    31. Lagasio, Valentina & Quaranta, Anna Grazia, 2022. "Cluster analysis of bank business models: The connection with performance, efficiency and risk," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 47(PA).
    32. Quang Trinh, Vu & Duong Cao, Ngan & Li, Teng & Elnahass, Marwa, 2023. "Social capital, trust, and bank tail risk: The value of ESG rating and the effects of crisis shocks," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    33. Joel F Houston & Hongyu Shan, 2022. "Corporate ESG Profiles and Banking Relationships," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 35(7), pages 3373-3417.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Zhou, Mengling & Huang, Zizhen & Jiang, Kangqi, 2024. "Environmental, social, and governance performance and corporate debt maturity in China," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 95(PA).
    2. Sun, Tingting & Mirza, Nawazish & Umar, Muhammad & Ktaish, Farah, 2024. "When interest rates rise, ESG is still relevant – The case of banking firms," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 69(PB).
    3. Gaia Soana, Maria, 2024. "Does ESG contracting align or compete with stakeholder interests?," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 96(C).
    4. Han, Huanfa & Liu, Cuiping & Li, Jing, 2024. "Managerial overconfidence and stock price crash risk," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Danisman, Gamze Ozturk & Tarazi, Amine, 2024. "ESG activity and bank lending during financial crises," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    2. Bolívar, Fernando & Duran, Miguel A. & Lozano-Vivas, Ana, 2023. "Business model contributions to bank profit performance: A machine learning approach," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    3. Farnè, Matteo & Vouldis, Angelos, 2024. "Do retail-oriented banks have less non-performing loans?," The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, Elsevier, vol. 29(C).
    4. Gupta, Juhi & Kashiramka, Smita, 2024. "Examining the impact of liquidity creation on bank stability in the Asia Pacific region: Do ESG disclosures play a moderating role?," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    5. Arnone, Massimo & Leogrande, Angelo, 2024. "The Sustainability Of The Factoring Chain In Europe In The Light Of The Integration Of Esg Factors," OSF Preprints 753gf, Center for Open Science.
    6. Badunenko, Oleg & Kumbhakar, Subal C. & Lozano‐Vivas, Ana, 2021. "Achieving a sustainable cost-efficient business model in banking: The case of European commercial banks," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 293(2), pages 773-785.
    7. Dang, Van Dan & Huynh, Japan, 2022. "Monetary policy and bank performance: The role of business models," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).
    8. Lartey, Theophilus & James, Gregory A. & Danso, Albert & Boateng, Agyenim, 2022. "Bank business models, failure risk and earnings opacity: A short- versus long-term perspective," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    9. Emilia Bonaccorsi di Patti & Francesco Palazzo, 2020. "Bank profitability and macroeconomic conditions: Are business models different?," Economic Notes, Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA, vol. 49(2), July.
    10. Dutra, Tiago M. & Teixeira, João C.A. & Dias, José Carlos, 2023. "Banking regulation and banks’ risk-taking behavior: The role of investors’ protection," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 124-148.
    11. Bruno, Elena & Iacoviello, Giuseppina & Giannetti, Caterina, 2024. "Bank credit loss and ESG performance," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).
    12. repec:osf:osfxxx:753gf_v1 is not listed on IDEAS
    13. Baselga-Pascual, Laura & Trujillo-Ponce, Antonio & Cardone-Riportella, Clara, 2015. "Factors influencing bank risk in Europe: Evidence from the financial crisis," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 138-166.
    14. Sascha Tobias Wengerek & Benjamin Hippert & André Uhde, 2019. "Risk allocation through securitization - Evidence from non-performing loans," Working Papers Dissertations 58, Paderborn University, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics.
    15. Beltratti, Andrea & Paladino, Giovanna, 2015. "Bank leverage and profitability: Evidence from a sample of international banks," Review of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 46-57.
    16. Bui, Duy-Tung & Nguyen, Canh Phuc & Su, Thanh Dinh, 2021. "Asymmetric impacts of monetary policy and business cycles on bank risk-taking: Evidence from Emerging Asian markets," The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, Elsevier, vol. 24(C).
    17. De Bruyckere, Valerie & Gerhardt, Maria & Schepens, Glenn & Vander Vennet, Rudi, 2013. "Bank/sovereign risk spillovers in the European debt crisis," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(12), pages 4793-4809.
    18. repec:ipg:wpaper:2014-413 is not listed on IDEAS
    19. Teixeira, João C.A. & Matos, Tiago F.A. & da Costa, Gui L.P. & Fortuna, Mário J.A., 2020. "Investor protection, regulation and bank risk-taking behavior," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
    20. Matabaro Borauzima, Luc & Muller, Aline, 2023. "Bank risk-taking and competition in developing banking markets: Does efficiency level matter? Evidence from Africa," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    21. Mamatzakis, Emmanuel & Bermpei, Theodora, 2014. "What drives investment bank performance? The role of risk, liquidity and fees prior to and during the crisis," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 102-117.
    22. El Moussawi, Chawki & Mansour, Rana, 2022. "Competition, cost efficiency and stability of banks in the MENA region," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 143-170.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Banking business model; ESG score; Bank riskiness; Default probability;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G01 - Financial Economics - - General - - - Financial Crises
    • G20 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - General
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:finana:v:91:y:2024:i:c:s1057521923004945. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/620166 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.