Abnormal operating performance in IPOs: Does public float matter?

Using a unique dataset of privately held firms and companies that went public on the European and Asian stock exchanges between 2007 and 2011, we find that on average, newly listed firms experience negative abnormal operating performance in the years after the IPO. Furthermore, we document a nonlinear relation (inverted Ushaped) between public float and post-IPO abnormal operating performance. We interpret this quadratic relation as evidence that for each level of public float, factors that facilitate the convergence of interest between insiders and outsiders (namely, monitoring effects) and entrenchment factors (namely, agency problems) are both at work. Specifically, we suggest that at low levels of public float, increasing the float intensifies agency problems less than it increases monitoring effects. However, at a high level of public float, the situation is inverted, and increasing public float intensifies agency problems much more than it facilitates the convergence of interest between insiders and outsiders.