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Optical diagnostics of the combustion process in a PFI SI boosted engine fueled with butanol–gasoline blend

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  • Tornatore, Cinzia
  • Marchitto, Luca
  • Valentino, Gerardo
  • Esposito Corcione, Felice
  • Merola, Simona Silvia

Abstract

Alcohol blends with hydrocarbon fuels for spark-ignition engine increase fuel octane rating and power for a given engine displacement and compression ratio. In this work, the influence of butanol addition to gasoline was investigated. The experiments were performed in a ported fuel injection single cylinder SI engine with an external boosting device. The optically accessible engine was equipped with the head of a commercial SI turbocharged engine with the same geometrical specifications. The effect on the spark ignition combustion process of 40% of n-butanol blended in volume with 60% pure gasoline (BU40) was investigated by cycle resolved visualization. The engine worked at low speed, medium boosting and WOT. Changes in the spark timing and fuel injection phasing were considered. Comparisons between flame luminosity and combustion pressure data were performed. The fuel was injected at closed (CV) and open intake valves (OV). Butanol blend allowed working in more advanced spark timing without occurrence of abnormal combustion. For the blend BU40, the duration of injection (DOI) was increased to obtain a stoichiometric mixture. BU40 granted performance levels similar to gasoline and in open valve injection allowed to minimize the abnormal combustion effects including the emission of ultrafine carbonaceous particles, NOx and HC.

Suggested Citation

  • Tornatore, Cinzia & Marchitto, Luca & Valentino, Gerardo & Esposito Corcione, Felice & Merola, Simona Silvia, 2012. "Optical diagnostics of the combustion process in a PFI SI boosted engine fueled with butanol–gasoline blend," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 45(1), pages 277-287.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:45:y:2012:i:1:p:277-287
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2012.03.006
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    1. Deng, Banglin & Fu, Jianqin & Zhang, Daming & Yang, Jing & Feng, Renhua & Liu, Jingping & Li, Ke & Liu, Xiaoqiang, 2013. "The heat release analysis of bio-butanol/gasoline blends on a high speed SI (spark ignition) engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 230-241.
    2. Liu, Mao-Bin & He, Bang-Quan & Zhao, Hua, 2015. "Effect of air dilution and effective compression ratio on the combustion characteristics of a HCCI (homogeneous charge compression ignition) engine fuelled with n-butanol," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 296-303.
    3. Nguyen, Dinh Duc & Moghaddam, Hesam & Pirouzfar, Vahid & Fayyazbakhsh, Ahmad & Su, Chia-Hung, 2021. "Improving the gasoline properties by blending butanol-Al2O3 to optimize the engine performance and reduce air pollution," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
    4. Irimescu, Adrian & Vasiu, Gabriel & Tordai, Gavrilă Trif, 2014. "Performance and emissions of a small scale generator powered by a spark ignition engine with adaptive fuel injection control," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 196-206.
    5. Merola, Simona Silvia & Tornatore, Cinzia & Irimescu, Adrian & Marchitto, Luca & Valentino, Gerardo, 2016. "Optical diagnostics of early flame development in a DISI (direct injection spark ignition) engine fueled with n-butanol and gasoline," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 50-62.
    6. Elfasakhany, Ashraf, 2018. "Exhaust emissions and performance of ternary iso-butanol–bio-methanol–gasoline and n-butanol–bio-ethanol–gasoline fuel blends in spark-ignition engines: Assessment and comparison," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 830-844.
    7. Liu, Kaimin & Li, Yangtao & Yang, Jing & Deng, Banglin & Feng, Renhua & Huang, Yanjun, 2018. "Comprehensive study of key operating parameters on combustion characteristics of butanol-gasoline blends in a high speed SI engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 13-32.
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    11. Merola, Simona Silvia & Valentino, Gerardo & Tornatore, Cinzia & Marchitto, Luca, 2013. "In-cylinder spectroscopic measurements of knocking combustion in a SI engine fuelled with butanol–gasoline blend," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 150-161.
    12. Song, Jingeun & Kim, Taehoon & Jang, Jihwan & Park, Sungwook, 2015. "Effects of the injection strategy on the mixture formation and combustion characteristics in a DISI (direct injection spark ignition) optical engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(P2), pages 1758-1768.
    13. Huang, Haozhong & Zhou, Chengzhong & Liu, Qingsheng & Wang, Qingxin & Wang, Xueqiang, 2016. "An experimental study on the combustion and emission characteristics of a diesel engine under low temperature combustion of diesel/gasoline/n-butanol blends," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 219-231.
    14. Wei, Haiqiao & Feng, Dengquan & Pan, Jiaying & Shao, Aifang & Pan, Mingzhang, 2017. "Knock characteristics of SI engine fueled with n-butanol in combination with different EGR rate," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 190-196.
    15. Feng, Renhua & Fu, Jianqin & Yang, Jing & Wang, Yi & Li, Yangtao & Deng, Banglin & Liu, Jingping & Zhang, Daming, 2015. "Combustion and emissions study on motorcycle engine fueled with butanol-gasoline blend," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 113-122.
    16. Haifeng Liu & Xichang Wang & Diping Zhang & Fang Dong & Xinlu Liu & Yong Yang & Haozhong Huang & Yang Wang & Qianlong Wang & Zunqing Zheng, 2019. "Investigation on Blending Effects of Gasoline Fuel with N-Butanol, DMF, and Ethanol on the Fuel Consumption and Harmful Emissions in a GDI Vehicle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-21, May.
    17. Liu, Kaimin & Fu, Jianqin & Deng, Banglin & Yang, Jing & Tang, Qijun & Liu, Jingping, 2014. "The influences of pressure and temperature on laminar flame propagations of n-butanol, iso-octane and their blends," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 703-715.
    18. Feng, Hongqing & Suo, Xinghan & Xiao, Shuwen & Chen, Xiaofan & Zhang, Zhisong & Gao, Ning & Zheng, Zunqing, 2023. "Numerical simulation on the effects of n-butanol combined with intake dilution on engine knock," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    19. Chen, Zheng & Liu, Jingping & Han, Zhiyu & Du, Biao & Liu, Yun & Lee, Chiafon, 2013. "Study on performance and emissions of a passenger-car diesel engine fueled with butanol–diesel blends," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 638-646.
    20. Irimescu, A. & Marchitto, L. & Merola, S.S. & Tornatore, C. & Valentino, G., 2015. "Combustion process investigations in an optically accessible DISI engine fuelled with n-butanol during part load operation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 363-376.
    21. Deng, Banglin & Yang, Jing & Zhang, Daming & Feng, Renhua & Fu, Jianqin & Liu, Jingping & Li, Ke & Liu, Xiaoqiang, 2013. "The challenges and strategies of butanol application in conventional engines: The sensitivity study of ignition and valve timing," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 248-260.
    22. Elfasakhany, Ashraf, 2017. "Investigations on performance and pollutant emissions of spark-ignition engines fueled with n-butanol–, isobutanol–, ethanol–, methanol–, and acetone–gasoline blends: A comparative study," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 404-413.
    23. Song, Jingeun & Lee, Ziyoung & Song, Jaecheon & Park, Sungwook, 2018. "Effects of injection strategy and coolant temperature on hydrocarbon and particulate emissions from a gasoline direct injection engine with high pressure injection up to 50 MPa," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 512-522.
    24. Feng, Hongqing & Liu, Daojian & Yang, Xiaoxi & An, Ming & Zhang, Weiwen & Zhang, Xiaodong, 2016. "Availability analysis of using iso-octane/n-butanol blends in spark-ignition engines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 96(PA), pages 281-294.

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