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Exhaust emissions and performance of ternary iso-butanol–bio-methanol–gasoline and n-butanol–bio-ethanol–gasoline fuel blends in spark-ignition engines: Assessment and comparison

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  • Elfasakhany, Ashraf

Abstract

For the past few years, the energy-intensive renewable fuels are introduced to solve our depleted fossil fuels, power and/or clean air requirements. In view of that, in the current study a couple of new ternary blended fuels in renewable bases is examined, for the first time in the internal combustion engines, as possible alternatives of fossil fuels. Bio-methanol was mixed with iso-butanol and gasoline in one blended fuel (iBM), and bio-ethanol was mixed with n-butanol and gasoline in the other one (nBE) at rates 3–10 vol% biofuels. The two ternary blended fuels were compared with each others as well as with the neat gasoline for the fuel energy efficiencies and pollutant emissions in a gasoline-fueled engine. The fuel energy efficiencies include output torque (Torq), brake power (BP), volumetric efficiency (VE), in-cylinder pressure (ICP) and exhaust gas temperature (EGT), while the pollutant emissions include CO, CO2 and UHC (unburned hydrocarbons). Experimental results indicated that the two tested fuel blends can achieve the goal of more green sustainability, as compared to conventional neat gasoline fuel. The superior engine emissions were presented by iBM fuel blends, which imply 31%, 19% and 32% lower than the CO, CO2 and UHC emissions of neat gasoline. However, there are slight advantages on engine performance at using neat gasoline than the iBM and nBM ternary fuel blends. The study also indicated that the addition of iso-butanol–bio-methanol to gasoline results a higher engine performance than the addition of n-butanol–bio-ethanol to gasoline by about 0.9%, 6.2%, 2.6 and 1.47%, for EGT, ICP, BP and Torq, respectively. The nBE blended fuel showed a small descend in engine performance, compared to neat gasoline, by about 2.4%, 3.4%, 5%, 5.2% and 1.9% for VE, EGT, ICP, BP and Torq, respectively.

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  • Elfasakhany, Ashraf, 2018. "Exhaust emissions and performance of ternary iso-butanol–bio-methanol–gasoline and n-butanol–bio-ethanol–gasoline fuel blends in spark-ignition engines: Assessment and comparison," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 830-844.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:158:y:2018:i:c:p:830-844
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2018.05.120
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    5. Zhen, Xudong & Wang, Yang & Liu, Daming, 2020. "Bio-butanol as a new generation of clean alternative fuel for SI (spark ignition) and CI (compression ignition) engines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 2494-2521.
    6. Muhammad Usman & Muhammad Ali Ijaz Malik & Tariq Nawaz Chaudhary & Fahid Riaz & Sohaib Raza & Muhammad Abubakar & Farrukh Ahmad Malik & Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad & Yasser Fouad & Muhammad Mujtaba Abbas & M, 2023. "Comparative Assessment of Ethanol and Methanol–Ethanol Blends with Gasoline in SI Engine for Sustainable Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-21, May.
    7. Genii Kuznetsov & Vadim Dorokhov & Ksenia Vershinina & Susanna Kerimbekova & Daniil Romanov & Ksenia Kartashova, 2023. "Composite Liquid Biofuels for Power Plants and Engines: Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-20, August.
    8. Tabatabaei, Meisam & Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha, Homa & Aghbashlo, Mortaza & Nizami, Abdul-Sattar, 2020. "Integrated sustainability analysis of combustion engines (ISACE) as an alternative to classical combustion analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    9. Zandie, Mohammad & Ng, Hoon Kiat & Muhamad Said, Mohd Farid & Cheng, Xinwei & Gan, Suyin, 2023. "Performance of a compression ignition engine fuelled with diesel-palm biodiesel-gasoline mixtures: CFD and multi parameter optimisation studies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 274(C).
    10. Zhen, Xudong & Tian, Zhi & Wang, Yang & Xu, Meng & Liu, Daming & Li, Xiaoyan, 2022. "Knock analysis of bio-butanol in TISI engine based on chemical reaction kinetics," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PC).
    11. Janakiraman, S. & Lakshmanan, T. & Raghu, P., 2021. "Experimental investigative analysis of ternary (diesel + biodiesel + bio-ethanol) fuel blended with metal-doped titanium oxide nanoadditives tested on a diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C).
    12. Ashraf Elfasakhany, 2021. "State of Art of Using Biofuels in Spark Ignition Engines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-26, February.
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