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The impact of n-butanol and iso-butanol as components of butanol-acetone (BA) mixture-diesel blend on spray, combustion characteristics, engine performance and emission in direct injection diesel engine

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  • Algayyim, Sattar Jabbar Murad
  • Wandel, Andrew P.
  • Yusaf, Talal
  • Hamawand, Ihsan

Abstract

This article assesses the impact of n-butanol (nB) and iso-butanol (isoB) as components of a butanol-acetone (BA) mixture on spray, combustion, engine performance and emission characteristics. The macroscopic spray characteristics including spray penetration, spray cone angle and spray volume of n-/iso-BA-diesel blends were measured at two injection pressures 300 bar and 500 bar. A direct visualisation technique high speed camera was used to analyse the images that were obtained. The spray results show that both n- and iso-BA-diesel blends achieved a slightly higher penetration distance compared to pure diesel, resulting in a better fuel-air distribution and mixing. Two blend ratios (10% and 20%) of iso- and n-BA-diesel blends were tested in a single-cylinder DI diesel engine at three engine speeds: 1400, 2000 and 2600 rpm at full load. The engine performance included measuring the following parameters: pressure inside the combustion cylinder; brake power (BP); and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC). The exhaust gas emissions included measuring the following parameters: exhaust gas temperature (EGT); oxide of nitrogen (NOx); unburnt hydrocarbons (UHC); carbon monoxide (CO); and carbon dioxide (CO2). The results from the blended diesel with iso- and n- BA were also compared to pure diesel as a baseline. The results for 10 iso-BA-90 diesel showed a slight improvement in BP by 4% at medium speed, while the BP of 20iso-BA-diesel, 10 and 20 n-BA-diesel was slightly lower and comparable with pure diesel at all engine speeds. The highest peak in-cylinder pressure was measured for the iso-BA-diesel blends. BSFC and BTE were increased for both iso- and n-BA-diesel blends. CO emission reduced with the increase in both n-BA and iso-BA ratios in diesel blend. Both NOx emissions and EGT were decreased at all n-BA and iso-BA-diesel blends compared to pure diesel. UHC and NOx emissions concentration of n-BA-diesel blends were lower compared to that of the iso-BA-diesel blend. Thus, it can be concluded that iso-BA-diesel blends showed slight improvement in brake power and higher in-cylinder pressure, while n-BA-diesel blends resulted in lower emission levels in regard to NOx and UHC. Therefore, using n-BA and iso-BA blended together as an additive for diesel fuel could be a suitable blend to obtain optimum results in regard to engine performance.

Suggested Citation

  • Algayyim, Sattar Jabbar Murad & Wandel, Andrew P. & Yusaf, Talal & Hamawand, Ihsan, 2017. "The impact of n-butanol and iso-butanol as components of butanol-acetone (BA) mixture-diesel blend on spray, combustion characteristics, engine performance and emission in direct injection diesel engi," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(P1), pages 1074-1086.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:140:y:2017:i:p1:p:1074-1086
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2017.09.044
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    2. Xiaoqing Zhang & Tie Li & Pengfei Ma & Bin Wang, 2017. "Spray Combustion Characteristics and Soot Emission Reduction of Hydrous Ethanol Diesel Emulsion Fuel Using Color-Ratio Pyrometry," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-13, December.
    3. Zhao, Wenbin & Wu, Haoqing & Mi, Shijie & Zhang, Yaoyuan & He, Zhuoyao & Qian, Yong & Lu, Xingcai, 2023. "Experimental investigation of the control strategy of high load extension under iso-butanol/biodiesel dual-fuel intelligent charge compression ignition (ICCI) mode," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
    4. Thakkar, Kartikkumar & Kachhwaha, Surendra Singh & Kodgire, Pravin & Srinivasan, Seshasai, 2021. "Combustion investigation of ternary blend mixture of biodiesel/n-butanol/diesel: CI engine performance and emission control," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    5. Zhen, Xudong & Wang, Yang & Liu, Daming, 2020. "Bio-butanol as a new generation of clean alternative fuel for SI (spark ignition) and CI (compression ignition) engines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 2494-2521.
    6. Ganesh, Duraisamy & Ayyappan, P.R. & Murugan, Rangasamy, 2019. "Experimental investigation of iso-butanol/diesel reactivity controlled compression ignition combustion in a non-road diesel engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 1307-1319.
    7. Liu, Yang & Cheng, Xiaobei & Qin, Longjiang & Wang, Xin & Yao, Junjie & Wu, Hui, 2020. "Experimental investigation on soot formation characteristics of n-heptane/butanol isomers blends in laminar diffusion flames," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C).
    8. Jakub Čedík & Martin Pexa & Michal Holúbek & Jaroslav Mrázek & Hardikk Valera & Avinash Kumar Agarwal, 2021. "Operational Parameters of a Diesel Engine Running on Diesel–Rapeseed Oil–Methanol–Iso-Butanol Blends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-24, September.
    9. Sattar Jabbar Murad Algayyim & Andrew P. Wandel & Talal Yusaf, 2018. "The Impact of Injector Hole Diameter on Spray Behaviour for Butanol-Diesel Blends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-12, May.
    10. Yuan, Chenheng & Liu, Yang & Han, Cuijie & He, Yituan, 2019. "An investigation of mixture formation characteristics of a free-piston gasoline engine with direct-injection," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 626-636.
    11. Sattar Jabbar Murad Algayyim & Andrew P. Wandel, 2020. "Comparative Assessment of Spray Behavior, Combustion and Engine Performance of ABE-Biodiesel/Diesel as Fuel in DI Diesel Engine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-12, December.

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