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Targeting SDG7 in G20 countries: A comparative study of clean and dirty energy performance

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  • Pang, Qinghua
  • Chen, Zhengxin

Abstract

Targeting SDG7 is crucial for enhancing energy efficiency in G20 countries, given their pivotal role in the global energy consumption market. This study aims to evaluate the energy efficiency of G20 countries by comparing clean and dirty energy related efficiency from 2001 to 2022. Clean and dirty energy related efficiency is measured using the game cross-efficiency DEA model, and the Method of Moment Quantile Regression is applied to identify the factors influencing their efficiencies. Based on the above, these factors are examined across all quartiles to elucidate the dynamics of energy efficiency within global sustainable development. The results indicate: Firstly, clean energy related efficiency is consistently higher than dirty energy related efficiency across G20 countries, especially in developed economies, driven by advanced technologies, strong infrastructure, and less energy-intensive service sectors. Secondly, economic development positively influences clean and dirty energy related efficiency, with diminishing returns at higher levels of development, while technological progress plays a crucial role in driving efficiency gains. Urbanization negatively impacts energy efficiency, particularly for dirty energy, though this effect lessens as efficiency improves. Finally, economies focusing more on the tertiary sector achieve higher clean energy related efficiency. At the same time, a shift towards services lowers dirty energy related efficiency, highlighting the need for targeted policies to manage this transition. This research provides a novel perspective on the correlation between energy consumption and environmental sustainability for achieving SDG7 in G20 countries.

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  • Pang, Qinghua & Chen, Zhengxin, 2025. "Targeting SDG7 in G20 countries: A comparative study of clean and dirty energy performance," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 335(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:335:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225035133
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.137871
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