IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/enepol/v165y2022ics0301421522001586.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Evaluating energy poverty and its effects using multi-dimensional based DEA-like mathematical composite indicator approach: Findings from Asia

Author

Listed:
  • Lan, Jing
  • Khan, Sufyan Ullah
  • Sadiq, Muhammad
  • Chien, Fengsheng
  • Baloch, Zulfiqar Ali

Abstract

The objective of the study is to develop a multidimensional energy poverty index (EPI). The current study examines the impacts of multidimensional energy poverty indicators using mathematical composite index and, econometric models for five Asian countries. Multidimensional energy poverty indicator is used to evaluate the overall consequences of these region's energy poverty. It is estimated that EPI of Nepal region is 0.02, Sri Lanka composite score (CS) is 0.03, and Bangladesh's CS is 0.011, which are the maximum affected nations. In contrast, India's CS is above 0.88 and Pakistan's CS is above 0.49 and are expected to be the minimum energy poor. Of the total energy production, 79% is based on traditional fuels, followed by 12% based on petroleum products. Results further highlight the availability of electricity, the time it earns to obtain electricity, access to clean energy, and cooking technology have substantial positive relationship with region's EPI. Private investment in energy sector is a consistent negative component in EPI. In other economies, poverty headcount ratio coefficients are notably positive. Implemented energy policies and their impact on access to energy in South Asian region, highlight possible challenges but also benefits of the association between energy poverty and access to energy.

Suggested Citation

  • Lan, Jing & Khan, Sufyan Ullah & Sadiq, Muhammad & Chien, Fengsheng & Baloch, Zulfiqar Ali, 2022. "Evaluating energy poverty and its effects using multi-dimensional based DEA-like mathematical composite indicator approach: Findings from Asia," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:165:y:2022:i:c:s0301421522001586
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2022.112933
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421522001586
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.enpol.2022.112933?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Uche-Soria, Manuel & Rodríguez-Monroy, Carlos, 2020. "Energy planning and its relationship to energy poverty in decision making. A first approach for the Canary Islands," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    2. Bhide, Anjali & Monroy, Carlos Rodríguez, 2011. "Energy poverty: A special focus on energy poverty in India and renewable energy technologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(2), pages 1057-1066, February.
    3. Zhang, Dongyang & Mohsin, Muhammad & Rasheed, Abdul Khaliq & Chang, Youngho & Taghizadeh-Hesary, Farhad, 2021. "Public spending and green economic growth in BRI region: Mediating role of green finance," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
    4. Sabina Alkire, James E. Foster, Suman Seth, Maria Emma Santos, José M. Roche and Paola Ballon, 2015. "Multidimensional Poverty Measurement and Analysis: Chapter 6 - Normative Choices in Measurement Design," OPHI Working Papers ophiwp087_ch6.pdf, Queen Elizabeth House, University of Oxford.
    5. Nepal, Rabindra & Paija, Nirash, 2019. "Energy security, electricity, population and economic growth: The case of a developing South Asian resource-rich economy," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 771-781.
    6. Rodriguez-Alvarez, Ana & Llorca, Manuel & Jamasb, Tooraj, 2021. "Alleviating energy poverty in Europe: Front-runners and laggards," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
    7. Waddams Price, Catherine & Brazier, Karl & Wang, Wenjia, 2012. "Objective and subjective measures of fuel poverty," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 33-39.
    8. Kahouli, Sondès & Okushima, Shinichiro, 2021. "Regional energy poverty reevaluated: A direct measurement approach applied to France and Japan," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    9. Qurat-ul-Ann, Abre-Rehmat & Mirza, Faisal Mehmood, 2020. "Meta-analysis of empirical evidence on energy poverty: The case of developing economies," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    10. Kaltenegger, Oliver, 2020. "What drives total real unit energy costs globally? A novel LMDI decomposition approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).
    11. Hatefi, S.M. & Torabi, S.A., 2010. "A common weight MCDA-DEA approach to construct composite indicators," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 70(1), pages 114-120, November.
    12. Rafi, Muhammed & Naseef, Mohemmad & Prasad, Salu, 2021. "Multidimensional energy poverty and human capital development: Empirical evidence from India," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).
    13. Ampofo, Akwasi & Mabefam, Matthew Gmalifo, 2021. "Religiosity and Energy Poverty: Empirical evidence across countries," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    14. Nathan, Hippu Salk Kristle & Hari, Lakshmikanth, 2020. "Towards a new approach in measuring energy poverty: Household level analysis of urban India," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    15. Gupta, Srishti & Gupta, Eshita & Sarangi, Gopal K., 2020. "Household Energy Poverty Index for India: An analysis of inter-state differences," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    16. Ye, Yuxiang & Koch, Steven F., 2021. "Measuring energy poverty in South Africa based on household required energy consumption," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
    17. Yang, Zhendong & Abbas, Qaiser & Hanif, Imran & Alharthi, Majed & Taghizadeh-Hesary, Farhad & Aziz, Babar & Mohsin, Muhammad, 2021. "Short- and long-run influence of energy utilization and economic growth on carbon discharge in emerging SREB economies," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(P1), pages 43-51.
    18. Crentsil, Aba Obrumah & Asuman, Derek & Fenny, Ama Pokuaa, 2019. "Assessing the determinants and drivers of multidimensional energy poverty in Ghana," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    19. Sabina Alkire & James E. Foster & Suman Seth & Maria Emma Santos & Jose M. Roche & Paola Ballon, 2015. "Multidimensional Poverty Measurement and Analysis: Chapter 10 - Some Regression Models for AF Measures," OPHI Working Papers 91, Queen Elizabeth House, University of Oxford.
    20. Grdenić, Goran & Delimar, Marko & Robić, Slavica, 2020. "Framing the context of energy poverty in Croatia: A case-study from Zagreb," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    21. Khanna, Rupali A. & Li, Yanfei & Mhaisalkar, Subodh & Kumar, Mahesh & Liang, Lim Jia, 2019. "Comprehensive energy poverty index: Measuring energy poverty and identifying micro-level solutions in South and Southeast Asia," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 379-391.
    22. Betto, Frida & Garengo, Patrizia & Lorenzoni, Arturo, 2020. "A new measure of Italian hidden energy poverty," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    23. Sabina Alkire, James E. Foster, Suman Seth, Maria Emma Santos, Jose M. Roche and Paola Ballon, 2015. "Multidimensional Poverty Measurement and Analysis: Chapter 9 - Distribution and Dynamics," OPHI Working Papers ophiwp090_ch9.pdf, Queen Elizabeth House, University of Oxford.
    24. Zhang, Ziyu & Shu, Hongting & Yi, Hong & Wang, Xiaohua, 2021. "Household multidimensional energy poverty and its impacts on physical and mental health," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    25. Sabina Alkire, James E. Foster, Suman Seth, Maria Emma Santos, José M. Roche and Paola Ballon, 2015. "Multidimensional Poverty Measurement and Analysis: Chapter 10 - Some Regression Models for AF Measures," OPHI Working Papers ophiwp091_ch10, Queen Elizabeth House, University of Oxford.
    26. Pan, Lei & Biru, Ashenafi & Lettu, Sandra, 2021. "Energy poverty and public health: Global evidence," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).
    27. Sabina Alkire, James E. Foster, Suman Seth, Maria Emma Santos, José M. Roche and Paola Ballon, 2015. "Multidimensional Poverty Measurement and Analysis: Chapter 7 - Data and Analysis," OPHI Working Papers ophiwp088_ch7.pdf, Queen Elizabeth House, University of Oxford.
    28. Kumar, Manashvi, 2020. "Non-universal nature of energy poverty: Energy services, assessment of needs and consumption evidences from rural Himachal Pradesh," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    29. Kelly, J. Andrew & Clinch, J. Peter & Kelleher, L. & Shahab, S., 2020. "Enabling a just transition: A composite indicator for assessing home-heating energy-poverty risk and the impact of environmental policy measures," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    30. Prakash, Kushneel & Munyanyi, Musharavati Ephraim, 2021. "Energy poverty and obesity," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).
    31. Nie, Peng & Li, Qiaoge & Sousa-Poza, Alfonso, 2021. "Energy poverty and subjective well-being in China: New evidence from the China Family Panel Studies," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
    32. Che, Xiahui & Zhu, Bangzhu & Wang, Ping, 2021. "Assessing global energy poverty: An integrated approach," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    33. Nawaz, Saima, 2021. "Energy poverty, climate shocks, and health deprivations," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
    34. Hailemariam, Abebe & Sakutukwa, Tutsirai & Yew, Siew Ling, 2021. "The impact of energy poverty on physical violence," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
    35. Ahmed, Abubakari & Gasparatos, Alexandros, 2020. "Multi-dimensional energy poverty patterns around industrial crop projects in Ghana: Enhancing the energy poverty alleviation potential of rural development strategies," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    36. Jayasinghe, Maneka & Selvanathan, E.A. & Selvanathan, Saroja, 2021. "Energy poverty in Sri Lanka," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).
    37. Zhao, Jun & Jiang, Qingzhe & Dong, Xiucheng & Dong, Kangyin, 2021. "Assessing energy poverty and its effect on CO2 emissions: The case of China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
    38. Sabina Alkire & James E. Foster & Suman Seth & Maria Emma Santos & Jose M. Roche & Paola Ballon, 2015. "Multidimensional Poverty Measurement and Analysis: Chapter 9 - Distribution and Dynamics," OPHI Working Papers 90, Queen Elizabeth House, University of Oxford.
    39. World Health Organization & World Bank, 2017. "Tracking Universal Health Coverage," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 29042, December.
    40. Bukari, Chei & Broermann, Shanaz & Okai, Davidson, 2021. "Energy poverty and health expenditure: Evidence from Ghana," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
    41. Sabina Alkire & James E. Foster & Suman Seth & Maria Emma Santos & Jose M. Roche & Paola Ballon, 2015. "Multidimensional Poverty Measurement and Analysis: Chapter 7 - Data and Analysis," OPHI Working Papers 88, Queen Elizabeth House, University of Oxford.
    42. Pereira, Marcio Giannini & Freitas, Marcos Aurélio Vasconcelos & da Silva, Neilton Fidelis, 2010. "Rural electrification and energy poverty: Empirical evidences from Brazil," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(4), pages 1229-1240, May.
    43. Dong, Kangyin & Ren, Xiaohang & Zhao, Jun, 2021. "How does low-carbon energy transition alleviate energy poverty in China? A nonparametric panel causality analysis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
    44. Kushneel Prakash & Musharavati Ephraim Munyanyi, 2021. "Energy poverty and obesity," Melbourne Institute Working Paper Series wp2021n11, Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, The University of Melbourne.
    45. Ssennono, Vincent Fred & Ntayi, Joseph M. & Buyinza, Faisal & Wasswa, Francis & Aarakit, Sylvia Manjeri & Mukiza, Chris Ndatira, 2021. "Energy poverty in Uganda: Evidence from a multidimensional approach," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).
    46. Arthur Lewbel & Krishna Pendakur, 2012. "Generalized Random Coefficients With Equivalence Scale Applications," Discussion Papers dp12-13, Department of Economics, Simon Fraser University.
    47. Mazzone, Antonella, 2020. "Thermal comfort and cooling strategies in the Brazilian Amazon. An assessment of the concept of fuel poverty in tropical climates," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    48. Monyei, C.G. & Adewumi, A.O., 2017. "Demand Side Management potentials for mitigating energy poverty in South Africa," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 298-311.
    49. Banerjee, Rajabrata & Mishra, Vinod & Maruta, Admasu Asfaw, 2021. "Energy poverty, health and education outcomes: Evidence from the developing world," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).
    50. Drescher, Katharina & Janzen, Benedikt, 2021. "Determinants, persistence, and dynamics of energy poverty: An empirical assessment using German household survey data," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    51. Gafa, Dede W. & Egbendewe, Aklesso Y.G., 2021. "Energy poverty in rural West Africa and its determinants: Evidence from Senegal and Togo," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    52. Abbas, Khizar & Li, Shixiang & Xu, Deyi & Baz, Khan & Rakhmetova, Aigerim, 2020. "Do socioeconomic factors determine household multidimensional energy poverty? Empirical evidence from South Asia," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    53. Cong Minh Huynh & Hong Hiep Hoang, 2019. "Foreign direct investment and air pollution in Asian countries: does institutional quality matter?," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 26(17), pages 1388-1392, October.
    54. Li, Weiqing & Chien, Fengsheng & Hsu, Ching-Chi & Zhang, YunQian & Nawaz, Muhammad Atif & Iqbal, Sajid & Mohsin, Muhammad, 2021. "Nexus between energy poverty and energy efficiency: Estimating the long-run dynamics," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    55. Moore, Richard, 2012. "Definitions of fuel poverty: Implications for policy," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 19-26.
    56. Chaudhry, Sajid M. & Shafiullah, Muhammad, 2021. "Does culture affect energy poverty? Evidence from a cross-country analysis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    57. Karpinska, Lilia & Śmiech, Sławomir, 2020. "Conceptualising housing costs: The hidden face of energy poverty in Poland," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    58. Husnain, Muhammad Iftikhar ul & Nasrullah, Nasrullah & Khan, Muhammad Aamir & Banerjee, Suvajit, 2021. "Scrutiny of income related drivers of energy poverty: A global perspective," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    59. Saima Nawaz & Nasir Iqbal, 2016. "Education Poverty in Pakistan: A Spatial Analysis at District Level," Indian Journal of Human Development, , vol. 10(2), pages 270-287, August.
    60. Primc, Kaja & Slabe-Erker, Renata & Majcen, Boris, 2019. "Constructing energy poverty profiles for an effective energy policy," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 727-734.
    61. Lin, Boqiang & Wang, Yao, 2020. "Does energy poverty really exist in China? From the perspective of residential electricity consumption," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    62. Scarpellini, Sabina & Alexia Sanz Hernández, M. & Moneva, José M. & Portillo-Tarragona, Pilar & Rodríguez, María Esther López, 2019. "Measurement of spatial socioeconomic impact of energy poverty," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 124(C), pages 320-331.
    63. Moniruzzaman, Md & Day, Rosie, 2020. "Gendered energy poverty and energy justice in rural Bangladesh," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    64. Oscar S. Santillán & Karla G. Cedano & Manuel Martínez, 2020. "Analysis of Energy Poverty in 7 Latin American Countries Using Multidimensional Energy Poverty Index," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-19, April.
    65. Sadath, Anver C. & Acharya, Rajesh H., 2017. "Assessing the extent and intensity of energy poverty using Multidimensional Energy Poverty Index: Empirical evidence from households in India," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 540-550.
    66. Okushima, Shinichiro, 2017. "Gauging energy poverty: A multidimensional approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 1159-1166.
    67. Awaworyi Churchill, Sefa & Smyth, Russell, 2021. "Energy poverty and health: Panel data evidence from Australia," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
    68. Zhou, P. & Ang, B.W. & Poh, K.L., 2007. "A mathematical programming approach to constructing composite indicators," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 62(2), pages 291-297, April.
    69. Omar, Md Abdullah & Hasanujzaman, Muhammad, 2021. "Multidimensional energy poverty in Bangladesh and its effect on health and education: A multilevel analysis based on household survey data," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    70. Phoumin, Han & Kimura, Fukunari, 2019. "Cambodia's energy poverty and its effects on social wellbeing: Empirical evidence and policy implications," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 283-289.
    71. Rangan Gupta & Roula Inglesi-Lotz & John W. Muteba Mwamba, 2017. "Electricity demand in South Africa: is it asymmetric?," OPEC Energy Review, Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, vol. 41(3), pages 226-238, September.
    72. Sabina Alkire & James E. Foster & Suman Seth & Maria Emma Santos & Jose M. Roche & Paola Ballon, 2015. "Multidimensional Poverty Measurement and Analysis: Chapter 6 - Normative Choices in Measurement Design," OPHI Working Papers 87, Queen Elizabeth House, University of Oxford.
    73. Alkire, Sabina & Foster, James & Seth, Suman & Santos, Maria Emma & Roche, Jose Manuel & Ballon, Paola, 2015. "Multidimensional Poverty Measurement and Analysis," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780199689491, Decembrie.
    74. Awaworyi Churchill, Sefa & Smyth, Russell, 2021. "Locus of control and energy poverty," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 104(C).
    75. Pachauri, S. & Mueller, A. & Kemmler, A. & Spreng, D., 2004. "On Measuring Energy Poverty in Indian Households," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 32(12), pages 2083-2104, December.
    76. Tiep, Nguyen Cong & Wang, Mengqi & Mohsin, Muhammad & Kamran, Hafiz Waqas & Yazdi, Farzaneh Ahmadian, 2021. "An assessment of power sector reforms and utility performance to strengthen consumer self-confidence towards private investment," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 676-689.
    77. Nasir Iqbal & Saima Nawaz, 2017. "Spatial Differences and Socioeconomic Determinants of Health Poverty," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 56(3), pages 221-248.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ren, Yi-Shuai & Jiang, Yong & Narayan, Seema & Ma, Chao-Qun & Yang, Xiao-Guang, 2022. "Marketisation and rural energy poverty: Evidence from provincial panel data in China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 111(C).
    2. Ren, Zhiyuan & Zhu, Yuhan & Jin, Canyang & Xu, Aiting, 2023. "Social capital and energy poverty: Empirical evidence from China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 267(C).
    3. Shahzad, Umer & Gupta, Mansi & Sharma, Gagan Deep & Rao, Amar & Chopra, Ritika, 2022. "Resolving energy poverty for social change: Research directions and agenda," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 181(C).
    4. Fu Wang & Hong Geng & Donglan Zha & Chaoqun Zhang, 2023. "Multidimensional Energy Poverty in China: Measurement and Spatio-Temporal Disparities Characteristics," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 168(1), pages 45-78, August.
    5. Kahouli, Sondès & Okushima, Shinichiro, 2021. "Regional energy poverty reevaluated: A direct measurement approach applied to France and Japan," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    6. Mohsin, Muhammad & Taghizadeh-Hesary, Farhad & Shahbaz, Muhammad, 2022. "Nexus between financial development and energy poverty in Latin America," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    7. Awan, Ashar & Bilgili, Faik & Rahut, Dil Bahadur, 2022. "Energy poverty trends and determinants in Pakistan: Empirical evidence from eight waves of HIES 1998–2019," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    8. Ma, Cong & Cheok, Mui Yee, 2022. "The impact of financing role and organizational culture in small and medium enterprises: Developing business strategies for economic recovery," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 26-38.
    9. Ang'u, Cohen & Muthama, Nzioka John & Mutuku, Mwanthi Alexander & M’IKiugu, Mutembei Henry, 2023. "Analysis of energy poverty in Kenya and its implications for human health," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C).
    10. Huang, Yatao & Jiao, Wenxian & Wang, Kang & Li, Erling & Yan, Yutong & Chen, Jingyang & Guo, Xuanxuan, 2022. "Examining the multidimensional energy poverty trap and its determinants: An empirical analysis at household and community levels in six provinces of China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    11. Tiwari, Sunil & Si Mohammed, Kamel & Guesmi, Khaled, 2023. "A way forward to end energy poverty in China: Role of carbon-cutting targets and net-zero commitments," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C).
    12. Dong, Kangyin & Ren, Xiaohang & Zhao, Jun, 2021. "How does low-carbon energy transition alleviate energy poverty in China? A nonparametric panel causality analysis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
    13. Zhao, Yujia & Shuai, Jing & Wang, Chaofan & Shuai, Chuanmin & Cheng, Xin & Wang, Yilan & Zhang, Zumeng & Ding, Liping & Zhu, Yongguang & Zhou, Na, 2023. "Do the photovoltaic poverty alleviation programs alleviate local energy poverty? —Empirical evidence of 9 counties in rural China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PD).
    14. Junhong Qu & Xiaoli Hao, 2022. "Digital Economy, Financial Development, and Energy Poverty Based on Mediating Effects and a Spatial Autocorrelation Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-24, July.
    15. Xuefeng Li & Han Yang & Jin Jia, 2022. "Impact of energy poverty on cognitive and mental health among middle-aged and older adults in China," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 9(1), pages 1-13, December.
    16. Richard S. J. Tol, 2023. "Navigating the energy trilemma during geopolitical and environmental crises," Papers 2301.07671, arXiv.org.
    17. Siyou Xia & Yu Yang & Xiaoying Qian & Xin Xu, 2022. "Spatiotemporal Interaction and Socioeconomic Determinants of Rural Energy Poverty in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-15, August.
    18. Wang, Yao & Lin, Boqiang, 2022. "Can energy poverty be alleviated by targeting the low income? Constructing a multidimensional energy poverty index in China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 321(C).
    19. Recep Ulucak & Ramazan Sari & Seyfettin Erdogan & Rui Alexandre Castanho, 2021. "Bibliometric Literature Analysis of a Multi-Dimensional Sustainable Development Issue: Energy Poverty," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-21, August.
    20. Muhammad Shafiullah & Zhilun Jiao & Muhammad Shahbaz & Kangyin Dong, 2023. "Examining energy poverty in Chinese households: An Engel curve approach," Australian Economic Papers, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 62(1), pages 149-184, March.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:165:y:2022:i:c:s0301421522001586. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/enpol .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.