IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/ejores/v306y2023i2p872-892.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Attribution Matrix and the joint use of Finite Change Sensitivity Index and Residual Income for value-based performance measurement

Author

Listed:
  • Magni, Carlo Alberto
  • Marchioni, Andrea
  • Baschieri, Davide

Abstract

We present a model of performance measurement and attribution for delegated investments. We introduce an innovative two-dimensional approach that, on one hand, detects the (manager and client) decision effects, measuring the impact on the overall investment performance of the choices made by manager and client in a given period and, on the other hand, detects the (manager and client) period effects, measuring the impact on the period investment performance generated by the entire set of decisions made by manager and client. To accomplish the task, we employ two techniques of analysis and a three-step procedure: we first use the Finite Change Sensitivity Index (FCSI) for measuring the decision effects (step 1); then, we use the Residual Income (RI) approach for measuring the period effects (step 2); finally, we combine the two attribution dimensions into an Attribution Matrix (AM) (step 3) which contains the attribution values. An attribution value provides the amount of value added generated in a given period by the decisions made by the manager or by the investor in (the same or) another period. We apply the AM to an Italian fund, “Anima Italia A”, between 2013 and 2020.

Suggested Citation

  • Magni, Carlo Alberto & Marchioni, Andrea & Baschieri, Davide, 2023. "The Attribution Matrix and the joint use of Finite Change Sensitivity Index and Residual Income for value-based performance measurement," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 306(2), pages 872-892.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ejores:v:306:y:2023:i:2:p:872-892
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ejor.2022.06.059
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377221722005483
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.ejor.2022.06.059?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Levy, Robert A., 1968. "Measurement of Investment Performance," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 3(1), pages 35-57, March.
    2. Grubbström, RW & Ashcroft, SH, 1991. "Application of the calculus of variations to financing alternatives," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 19(4), pages 305-316.
    3. Goriaev, Alexei & Nijman, Theo E. & Werker, Bas J.M., 2008. "Performance information dissemination in the mutual fund industry," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 11(2), pages 144-159, May.
    4. Marchioni, Andrea & Magni, Carlo Alberto, 2018. "Investment decisions and sensitivity analysis: NPV-consistency of rates of return," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 268(1), pages 361-372.
    5. Ippolito, Richard A, 1992. "Consumer Reaction to Measures of Poor Quality: Evidence from the Mutual Fund Industry," Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 35(1), pages 45-70, April.
    6. Borgonovo, E. & Gatti, S. & Peccati, L., 2010. "What drives value creation in investment projects? An application of sensitivity analysis to project finance transactions," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 205(1), pages 227-236, August.
    7. Frazzini, Andrea & Lamont, Owen A., 2008. "Dumb money: Mutual fund flows and the cross-section of stock returns," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(2), pages 299-322, May.
    8. Frank Fabozzi & Dashan Huang & Guofu Zhou, 2010. "Robust portfolios: contributions from operations research and finance," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 176(1), pages 191-220, April.
    9. Lu Zheng, 1999. "Is Money Smart? A Study of Mutual Fund Investors' Fund Selection Ability," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 54(3), pages 901-933, June.
    10. Haoran Wang & Xun Yu Zhou, 2020. "Continuous‐time mean–variance portfolio selection: A reinforcement learning framework," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(4), pages 1273-1308, October.
    11. Magni, Carlo Alberto & Marchioni, Andrea, 2020. "Average rates of return, working capital, and NPV-consistency in project appraisal: A sensitivity analysis approach," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
    12. Zhao, Lima & Huchzermeier, Arnd, 2015. "Operations–finance interface models: A literature review and framework," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 244(3), pages 905-917.
    13. Luo, Cuicui & Seco, Luis & Wu, Lin-Liang Bill, 2015. "Portfolio optimization in hedge funds by OGARCH and Markov Switching Model," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 57(PA), pages 34-39.
    14. L C Thomas, 2010. "Consumer finance: challenges for operational research," Journal of the Operational Research Society, Palgrave Macmillan;The OR Society, vol. 61(1), pages 41-52, January.
    15. Donders, Pablo & Jara, Mauricio & Wagner, Rodrigo, 2018. "How sensitive is corporate debt to swings in commodity prices?," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 237-258.
    16. repec:bla:jfinan:v:59:y:2004:i:6:p:2605-2622 is not listed on IDEAS
    17. Rakowski, David, 2010. "Fund Flow Volatility and Performance," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 45(1), pages 223-237, February.
    18. Akbas, Ferhat & Armstrong, Will J. & Sorescu, Sorin & Subrahmanyam, Avanidhar, 2015. "Smart money, dumb money, and capital market anomalies," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 118(2), pages 355-382.
    19. Magni, Carlo Alberto, 2009. "Splitting up value: A critical review of residual income theories," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 198(1), pages 1-22, October.
    20. Crane, Alan D. & Crotty, Kevin, 2018. "Passive versus Active Fund Performance: Do Index Funds Have Skill?," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 53(1), pages 33-64, February.
    21. Carlo Alberto Magni, 2015. "ROI and profitability index: A note on managerial performance," Department of Economics 0048, University of Modena and Reggio E., Faculty of Economics "Marco Biagi".
    22. Angelidis, Timotheos & Giamouridis, Daniel & Tessaromatis, Nikolaos, 2013. "Revisiting mutual fund performance evaluation," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(5), pages 1759-1776.
    23. John Board & Charles Sutcliffe & William T. Ziemba, 2003. "Applying Operations Research Techniques to Financial Markets," Interfaces, INFORMS, vol. 33(2), pages 12-24, April.
    24. Chevalier, Judith & Ellison, Glenn, 1997. "Risk Taking by Mutual Funds as a Response to Incentives," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 105(6), pages 1167-1200, December.
    25. Bart Baesens & Rudy Setiono & Christophe Mues & Jan Vanthienen, 2003. "Using Neural Network Rule Extraction and Decision Tables for Credit-Risk Evaluation," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 49(3), pages 312-329, March.
    26. Richard F. Hespos & Paul A. Strassmann, 1965. "Stochastic Decision Trees for the Analysis of Investment Decisions," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 11(10), pages 244-259, August.
    27. Hanqing Jin & Xun Yu Zhou, 2008. "Behavioral Portfolio Selection In Continuous Time," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 18(3), pages 385-426, July.
    28. Galagedera, Don U.A. & Fukuyama, Hirofumi & Watson, John & Tan, Eric K.M., 2020. "Do mutual fund managers earn their fees? New measures for performance appraisal," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 287(2), pages 653-667.
    29. Dean Altshuler & Carlo Alberto Magni, 2015. "Introducing Aggregate Return on Investment as a Solution to the Contradiction Between Some PME Metrics and IRR," Centro Studi di Banca e Finanza (CEFIN) (Center for Studies in Banking and Finance) 0056, Universita di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento di Economia "Marco Biagi".
    30. Guercio, Diane Del & Tkac, Paula A., 2002. "The Determinants of the Flow of Funds of Managed Portfolios: Mutual Funds vs. Pension Funds," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 37(4), pages 523-557, December.
    31. Muñoz, Fernando & Vargas, María & Vicente, Ruth, 2014. "Fund flow bias in market timing skill. Evidence of the clientele effect," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 257-269.
    32. Borgonovo, E. & Peccati, L., 2004. "Sensitivity analysis in investment project evaluation," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 90(1), pages 17-25, July.
    33. Wallace, James S., 1997. "Adopting residual income-based compensation plans: Do you get what you pay for?," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 24(3), pages 275-300, December.
    34. Helga Meier & Nicos Christofides & Gerry Salkin, 2001. "Capital Budgeting Under Uncertainty---An Integrated Approach Using Contingent Claims Analysis and Integer Programming," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 49(2), pages 196-206, April.
    35. Trigeorgis, Lenos & Tsekrekos, Andrianos E., 2018. "Real Options in Operations Research: A Review," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 270(1), pages 1-24.
    36. Borgonovo, Emanuele & Plischke, Elmar, 2016. "Sensitivity analysis: A review of recent advances," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 248(3), pages 869-887.
    37. Emanuele Borgonovo, 2010. "A Methodology for Determining Interactions in Probabilistic Safety Assessment Models by Varying One Parameter at a Time," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 30(3), pages 385-399, March.
    38. Murthi, B. P. S. & Choi, Yoon K. & Desai, Preyas, 1997. "Efficiency of mutual funds and portfolio performance measurement: A non-parametric approach," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 98(2), pages 408-418, April.
    39. Russell Lundholm & Terry O'Keefe, 2001. "Reconciling Value Estimates from the Discounted Cash Flow Model and the Residual Income Model," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 18(2), pages 311-335, June.
    40. Magni, Carlo Alberto, 2013. "Generalized Makeham’s formula and economic profitability," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 53(3), pages 747-756.
    41. Jiang, George J. & Yuksel, H. Zafer, 2017. "What drives the “Smart-Money” effect? Evidence from investors’ money flow to mutual fund classes," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 39-58.
    42. Dean Altshuler & Carlo Alberto Magni, 2015. "Introducing Aggregate Return on Investment as a Solution to the Contradiction Between Some PME Metrics and IRR," Centro Studi di Banca e Finanza (CEFIN) (Center for Studies in Banking and Finance) 15209, Universita di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento di Economia "Marco Biagi".
    43. Carlo Alberto Magni & Stefano Malagoli & Andrea Marchioni & Giovanni Mastroleo, 2020. "Rating firms and sensitivity analysis," Journal of the Operational Research Society, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 71(12), pages 1940-1958, December.
    44. Magni, Carlo Alberto, 2014. "Arithmetic returns for investment performance measurement," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 291-300.
    45. Jacek Gondzio & Roy Kouwenberg, 2001. "High-Performance Computing for Asset-Liability Management," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 49(6), pages 879-891, December.
    46. Bali, Turan G. & Brown, Stephen J. & Caglayan, Mustafa O. & Celiker, Umut, 2021. "Does Industry Timing Ability of Hedge Funds Predict Their Future Performance, Survival, and Fund Flows?," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 56(6), pages 2136-2169, September.
    47. Andreu, Laura & Serrano, Miguel & Vicente, Luis, 2019. "Efficiency of mutual fund managers: A slacks-based manager efficiency index," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 273(3), pages 1180-1193.
    48. Borgonovo, E. & Peccati, L., 2006. "Uncertainty and global sensitivity analysis in the evaluation of investment projects," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 104(1), pages 62-73, November.
    49. Jones, Howard & Martinez, Jose Vicente, 2017. "Institutional Investor Expectations, Manager Performance, and Fund Flows," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 52(6), pages 2755-2777, December.
    50. Andreu, Laura & Matallín-Sáez, Juan Carlos & Sarto, José Luis, 2018. "Mutual fund performance attribution and market timing using portfolio holdings," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 353-370.
    51. Ashford, Robert W. & Berry, Robert H. & Dyson, Robert G., 1988. "Operational research and financial management," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 143-152, August.
    52. Amit Goyal & Sunil Wahal, 2008. "The Selection and Termination of Investment Management Firms by Plan Sponsors," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 63(4), pages 1805-1847, August.
    53. Heinkel, Robert & Stoughton, Neal M, 1994. "The Dynamics of Portfolio Management Contracts," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 7(2), pages 351-387.
    54. Banker, Rajiv & Chen, Janice Y.S. & Klumpes, Paul, 2016. "A trade-level DEA model to evaluate relative performance of investment fund managers," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 255(3), pages 903-910.
    55. Borgonovo, E., 2010. "Sensitivity analysis with finite changes: An application to modified EOQ models," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 200(1), pages 127-138, January.
    56. Steuer, Ralph E. & Na, Paul, 2003. "Multiple criteria decision making combined with finance: A categorized bibliographic study," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 150(3), pages 496-515, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Marchioni, Andrea & Magni, Carlo Alberto, 2018. "Investment decisions and sensitivity analysis: NPV-consistency of rates of return," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 268(1), pages 361-372.
    2. Magni, Carlo Alberto & Marchioni, Andrea, 2019. "Performance measurement and decomposition of value added," MPRA Paper 95258, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Carlo Alberto Magni & Andrea Marchioni, 2022. "Performance attribution, time-weighted rate of return, and clean finite change sensitivity index," Journal of Asset Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 23(1), pages 62-72, February.
    4. Carlo Alberto Magni & Stefano Malagoli & Andrea Marchioni & Giovanni Mastroleo, 2020. "Rating firms and sensitivity analysis," Journal of the Operational Research Society, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 71(12), pages 1940-1958, December.
    5. Magni, Carlo Alberto, 2016. "Capital depreciation and the underdetermination of rate of return: A unifying perspective," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 54-79.
    6. Klinkowska, Olga & Zhao, Yuan, 2023. "Fund flows and performance: New evidence from retail and institutional SRI mutual funds," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    7. Magni, Carlo Alberto & Marchioni, Andrea, 2020. "Average rates of return, working capital, and NPV-consistency in project appraisal: A sensitivity analysis approach," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
    8. Yamani, Ehab, 2023. "The informational role of fund flow in the profitable predictability of mutual funds," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
    9. Galagedera, Don U.A. & Fukuyama, Hirofumi & Watson, John & Tan, Eric K.M., 2020. "Do mutual fund managers earn their fees? New measures for performance appraisal," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 287(2), pages 653-667.
    10. Carlos Alves & Victor Mendes, 2011. "Does performance explain mutual fund flows in small markets? The case of Portugal," Portuguese Economic Journal, Springer;Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestao, vol. 10(2), pages 129-147, August.
    11. Rakowski, David & Yamani, Ehab, 2021. "Endogeneity in the mutual fund flow–performance relationship: An instrumental variables solution," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 247-271.
    12. Martin Rohleder & Dominik Schulte & Marco Wilkens, 2017. "Management of flow risk in mutual funds," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 48(1), pages 31-56, January.
    13. Hung, Pi-Hsia & Lien, Donald & Kuo, Ming-Sin, 2020. "Window dressing in equity mutual funds," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 338-354.
    14. Clemens Sialm & Laura T. Starks & Hanjiang Zhang, 2015. "Defined Contribution Pension Plans: Sticky or Discerning Money?," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 70(2), pages 805-838, April.
    15. Hodula, Martin & Szabo, Milan & Bajzík, Josef, 2024. "Retail fund flows and performance: Insights from supervisory data," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).
    16. Dariusz Filip, 2021. "A Review of Main Strands on the Flow-Performance Relationship of Mutual Funds," Athens Journal of Business & Economics, Athens Institute for Education and Research (ATINER), vol. 7(3), pages 245-256, July.
    17. Luis Vicente & Cristina Ortiz & Laura Andreu, 2011. "Is the Average Investor Smarter than the Average Euro?," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 40(3), pages 143-161, December.
    18. Jun, Xiao & Li, Mingsheng & Shi, Jing, 2014. "Volatile market condition and investor clientele effects on mutual fund flow performance relationship," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 310-334.
    19. Ricardo Laborda & Ramiro Losada, 2017. "Why is investors'mutual fund market allocation far from the optimum?," CNMV Working Papers CNMV Working Papers no. 6, CNMV- Spanish Securities Markets Commission - Research and Statistics Department.
    20. Schosser, Josef, 2019. "Consistency between principal and agent with differing time horizons: Computing incentives under risk," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 277(3), pages 1113-1123.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:ejores:v:306:y:2023:i:2:p:872-892. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/eor .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.