Can synergy be achieved in global vaccine and medical device trade?

This study constructs independent global trade networks for vaccines and medical devices to explore their structural features and interdependencies, aiming to enhance global public health security. By applying complex network analysis and stochastic actor-oriented models (SAOM), we delve into the dynamics of these trade networks, investigating potential co-evolution and identifying key factors driving their development. The findings reveal that the trade of vaccines and medical devices is mutually reinforcing. Countries involved in diverse medical device trade activities are more likely to attract vaccine trade partners. Similarly, nations with established vaccine trade connections, especially through shared third-party partners, are inclined to develop medical device trade relationships, and vice versa. These results highlight the significant role of endogenous network dynamics in shaping the evolution of both sectors. Despite the COVID-19 pandemic accelerating vaccine trade cooperation, there remains a pressing need for a stable, long-term framework to sustain and deepen such collaboration.