IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/anture/v115y2025ics0160738325001422.html

The economics of destination cards

Author

Listed:
  • Messori, Sonia
  • Fedele, Alessandro
  • Figini, Paolo

Abstract

Destination cards have been recognized as effective tools for promoting tourism destinations. However, their role as mechanisms for coordinating tourism service providers within the destination remains underexplored. We address this gap by developing an enriched version of the Hotelling price competition model to investigate the welfare effect of destination cards. We assume that a destination with two price-setting attractions and one complementary good (transportation) introduces a card offering discounts on attractions and free access to local transportation. We find that the card is welfare-improving, although it also alters the pricing strategy of the attractions and, under certain conditions, might reduce tourist surplus.

Suggested Citation

  • Messori, Sonia & Fedele, Alessandro & Figini, Paolo, 2025. "The economics of destination cards," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:anture:v:115:y:2025:i:c:s0160738325001422
    DOI: 10.1016/j.annals.2025.104036
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160738325001422
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.annals.2025.104036?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to look for a different version below or

    for a different version of it.

    Other versions of this item:

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Anderson, Simon P. & Leruth, Luc, 1993. "Why firms may prefer not to price discriminate via mixed bundling," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 11(1), pages 49-61, March.
    2. Thirumaran K & Eijdenberg Emiel L., 2021. "Conceptualising Destination Membership Cards for Elite Travellers," Zeitschrift für Tourismuswissenschaft, De Gruyter, vol. 13(1), pages 1-21, May.
    3. Chen, Yongmin, 1997. "Equilibrium Product Bundling," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 70(1), pages 85-103, January.
    4. Armstrong, Mark, 2013. "A more general theory of commodity bundling," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 148(2), pages 448-472.
    5. Cools, Mario & Fabbro, Yannick & Bellemans, Tom, 2016. "Free public transport: A socio-cognitive analysis," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 96-107.
    6. Hyunho Kim & Konstantinos Serfes, 2006. "A Location Model With Preference For Variety," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 54(4), pages 569-595, December.
    7. Economides, Nicholas & Salop, Steven C, 1992. "Competition and Integration among Complements, and Network Market Structure," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(1), pages 105-123, March.
    8. Andergassen, Rainer & Candela, Guido & Figini, Paolo, 2013. "An economic model for tourism destinations: Product sophistication and price coordination," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 86-98.
    9. Yoav Wachsman, 2006. "Strategic Interactions among Firms in Tourist Destinations," Tourism Economics, , vol. 12(4), pages 531-541, December.
    10. Roy J. Ruffin, 2008. "Chapter 3 A Simple Vertical Competition Model: Structure and Performance," Frontiers of Economics and Globalization, in: Contemporary and Emerging Issues in Trade Theory and Policy, pages 49-63, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
    11. Caillaud, Bernard & Jullien, Bruno, 2003. "Chicken & Egg: Competition among Intermediation Service Providers," RAND Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 34(2), pages 309-328, Summer.
    12. Joseph J. Spengler, 1950. "Vertical Integration and Antitrust Policy," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 58(4), pages 347-347.
    13. Anderson, Simon P. & Foros, Øystein & Kind, Hans Jarle, 2010. "Hotelling competition with multi-purchasing," Discussion Papers 2010/16, Norwegian School of Economics, Department of Business and Management Science.
    14. Matutes, Carmen & Regibeau, Pierre, 1992. "Compatibility and Bundling of Complementary Goods in a Duopoly," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(1), pages 37-54, March.
    15. Paolo Figini, 2022. "The coordination challenge in tourism destinations: value creation, enhancement, and retention," Chapters, in: Robertico Croes & Yang Yang (ed.), A Modern Guide to Tourism Economics, chapter 8, pages 134-151, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    16. Angeloni, Silvia, 2016. "A tourist kit ‘made in Italy’: An ‘intelligent’ system for implementing new generation destination cards," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 187-209.
    17. Gastón Llanes & Andrea Mantovani & Francisco Ruiz-Aliseda, 2019. "Entry into Complementary Good Markets with Network Effects," Strategy Science, INFORMS, vol. 4(4), pages 262-282, December.
    18. Zach, Florian J. & Hill, T.L., 2017. "Network, knowledge and relationship impacts on innovation in tourism destinations," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 196-207.
    19. Baumol, William J., 2001. "When is inter-firm coordination beneficial? The case of innovation," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 19(5), pages 727-737, April.
    20. Martin Schnitzer & Maximilian Seidl & Philipp Schlemmer & Mike Peters, 2018. "Analyzing the Coopetition between Tourism and Leisure Suppliers—A Case Study of the Leisure Card Tirol," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-20, May.
    21. Emanuele Bacchiega & Elias Carroni & Alessandro Fedele, 2023. "Monopolistic Duopoly," BEMPS - Bozen Economics & Management Paper Series BEMPS101, Faculty of Economics and Management at the Free University of Bozen.
    22. Francis Bloch, 1995. "Endogenous Structures of Association in Oligopolies," RAND Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 26(3), pages 537-556, Autumn.
    23. de Palma, André & Ordás Criado, Carlos & Randrianarisoa, Laingo M., 2018. "When Hotelling meets Vickrey. Service timing and spatial asymmetry in the airline industry," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 88-106.
    24. Andrea Mantovani & Francisco Ruiz-Aliseda, 2016. "Equilibrium Innovation Ecosystems: The Dark Side of Collaborating with Complementors," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 62(2), pages 534-549, February.
    25. Thomas D. Jeitschko & Yeonjei Jung & Jaesoo Kim, 2017. "Bundling and joint marketing by rival firms," Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(3), pages 571-589, September.
    26. Mérel Pierre R & Sexton Richard J., 2010. "Kinked-Demand Equilibria and Weak Duopoly in the Hotelling Model of Horizontal Differentiation," The B.E. Journal of Theoretical Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 10(1), pages 1-34, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Carmen D à lvarez-Albelo & José A Martínez-González, 2024. "Should antitrust regulators be wary of inter-firm coordination agreements through a tourism destination card?," Tourism Economics, , vol. 30(2), pages 324-344, March.
    2. Zhou, Jidong, 2021. "Mixed bundling in oligopoly markets," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 194(C).
    3. Andrea Mantovani, 2013. "The Strategic Effect of Bundling: A New Perspective," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 42(1), pages 25-43, February.
    4. Stole, Lars A., 2007. "Price Discrimination and Competition," Handbook of Industrial Organization, in: Mark Armstrong & Robert Porter (ed.), Handbook of Industrial Organization, edition 1, volume 3, chapter 34, pages 2221-2299, Elsevier.
    5. Maruyama, Masayoshi & Minamikawa, Kazumitsu, 2009. "Vertical integration, bundled discounts and welfare," Information Economics and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 21(1), pages 62-71, February.
    6. Halmenschlager, Christine & Mantovani, Andrea, 2017. "On the private and social desirability of mixed bundling in complementary markets with cost savings," Information Economics and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 45-59.
    7. Mark Armstrong, 2016. "Nonlinear Pricing," Annual Review of Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 8(1), pages 583-614, October.
    8. Sang‐Hyun Kim & Jong‐Hee Hahn, 2022. "On the profitability of interfirm bundling in oligopolies," Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(3), pages 657-673, August.
    9. Akifumi Ishihara & Noriyuki Yanagawa, 2013. "Dark Sides of Patent Pools with Compulsory Independent Licensing," CARF F-Series CARF-F-318, Center for Advanced Research in Finance, Faculty of Economics, The University of Tokyo.
    10. Van Cayseele Patrick & Reynaerts Jo, 2011. "Complementary Platforms," Review of Network Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 10(1), pages 1-33, March.
    11. Mayer, Stefan & Klein, Robert & Seiermann, Stephanie, 2013. "A simulation-based approach to price optimisation of the mixed bundling problem with capacity constraints," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 145(2), pages 584-598.
    12. Zhou, Jidong, 2011. "Multiproduct search," MPRA Paper 37139, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    13. Girju, Marina & Prasad, Ashutosh & Ratchford, Brian T., 2013. "Pure Components versus Pure Bundling in a Marketing Channel," Journal of Retailing, Elsevier, vol. 89(4), pages 423-437.
    14. Jidong Zhou, 2017. "Competitive Bundling," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 85, pages 145-172, January.
    15. Andrea Mantovani & Francisco Ruiz-Aliseda, 2016. "Equilibrium Innovation Ecosystems: The Dark Side of Collaborating with Complementors," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 62(2), pages 534-549, February.
    16. Jong-Hee Hahn & Sang-Hyun Kim, 2016. "Interfirm Bundled Discounts as a Collusive Device," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 64(2), pages 255-276, June.
    17. Brandão, António & Correia-da-Silva, João & Pinho, Joana, 2014. "Spatial competition between shopping centers," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 234-250.
    18. Fabio Dio & Luca Correani, 2020. "Quality-improving and cost-reducing strategic alliances," Economia Politica: Journal of Analytical and Institutional Economics, Springer;Fondazione Edison, vol. 37(2), pages 493-524, July.
    19. Guillaume Roels & Araz Khodabakhshian & Uday S. Karmarkar, 2023. "Competitive Bundling and Offer Design in a Symmetric Bertrand Duopoly," Service Science, INFORMS, vol. 15(4), pages 250-265, December.
    20. Ishihara, Akifumi & Yanagawa, Noriyuki, 2018. "Dark sides of patent pools with independent licensing," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 1-34.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    JEL classification:

    • Z3 - Other Special Topics - - Tourism Economics
    • L83 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Services - - - Sports; Gambling; Restaurants; Recreation; Tourism
    • L13 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:anture:v:115:y:2025:i:c:s0160738325001422. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/annals-of-tourism-research/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.