IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eco/journ2/2023-02-18.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Do Economic Depressions Contribute to CO2 Emissions? An ARDL Bound Approach

Author

Listed:
  • Norzitah Abdul Karim

    (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Business Management, 42300, Puncak Alam, Malaysia,)

  • Azhan Rashid Senawi

    (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Business Management, 42300, Puncak Alam, Malaysia,)

  • Amirul Afif Muhamat

    (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Business Management, 42300, Puncak Alam, Malaysia,)

  • Nurhuda Nizar

    (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Business Management, 42300, Puncak Alam, Malaysia,)

  • Norazlina Abd Wahab

    (Universiti Utara Malaysia, College of Business, 06010, Sintok, Malaysia,)

  • Musaab Ab Kadir

    (UiTM Solar Power Sdn Bhd (USPSB), Jln Gambang, 25150, Kuantan, Malaysia.)

Abstract

Total carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are undoubtedly emitted to the environment, humans, ecosystems, and global economic growth. However, less research has examined the effect of economic depression on carbon dioxide emission (CO2), especially in Malaysia. Thus, this study intents to examine the impact of the macroeconomic problems, namely unemployment (UNEMP) and the growing number of people: population (POP), on the CO2 emissions in Malaysia. The study analyzes the data for 28 years, covering the period of 1991 2019, employing a bound ARDL model as an estimation method. The time series data were sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators database. The finding from the study shows that CO2 emissions, POP, and UNEMP have a long-term cointegration. Under this situation, all variables indicated; UNEMP and POP lead to environmental degradation in Malaysia in the long run. The impact of both UNEMP and POP on CO2 emissions is positive. Moreover, it is also found that the damage of economic depression will take only around one year and a month on CO2 emissions. Thus, based on this novel finding, a comprehensive set of economic policies is required to ensure our economy is in good condition and hence suggested for maintaining the environmental quality.

Suggested Citation

  • Norzitah Abdul Karim & Azhan Rashid Senawi & Amirul Afif Muhamat & Nurhuda Nizar & Norazlina Abd Wahab & Musaab Ab Kadir, 2023. "Do Economic Depressions Contribute to CO2 Emissions? An ARDL Bound Approach," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 13(2), pages 175-180, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:eco:journ2:2023-02-18
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.econjournals.com/index.php/ijeep/article/download/14004/7197
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.econjournals.com/index.php/ijeep/article/view/14004
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mulderij, Lisanne S. & Hernández, José Ignacio & Mouter, Niek & Verkooijen, Kirsten T. & Wagemakers, Annemarie, 2021. "Citizen preferences regarding the public funding of projects promoting a healthy body weight among people with a low income," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
    2. Rahman, Mohammad Mafizur & Kashem, Mohammad Abul, 2017. "Carbon emissions, energy consumption and industrial growth in Bangladesh: Empirical evidence from ARDL cointegration and Granger causality analysis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 600-608.
    3. M. Hashem Pesaran & Yongcheol Shin & Richard J. Smith, 2001. "Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 16(3), pages 289-326.
    4. Carlino, Gerald A. & Chatterjee, Satyajit & Hunt, Robert M., 2007. "Urban density and the rate of invention," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 61(3), pages 389-419, May.
    5. Barro, Robert J. & Ursúa, José F., 2017. "Stock-market crashes and depressions," Research in Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(3), pages 384-398.
    6. Paresh Kumar Narayan, 2005. "The saving and investment nexus for China: evidence from cointegration tests," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 37(17), pages 1979-1990.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jikun Jiang & Shenglai Zhu & Weihao Wang, 2022. "Carbon Emissions, Economic Growth, Urbanization, and Foreign Trade in China: Empirical Evidence from ARDL Models," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-15, August.
    2. Tobechi F. Agbanike & Chinazaekpere Nwani & Uwazie I. Uwazie & Lasbrey I. Anochiwa & Thank-God C. Onoja & Ikwor O. Ogbonnaya, 2019. "Oil price, energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions: insight into sustainability challenges in Venezuela," Latin American Economic Review, Springer;Centro de Investigaciòn y Docencia Económica (CIDE), vol. 28(1), pages 1-26, December.
    3. Oryani, Bahareh & Koo, Yoonmo & Rezania, Shahabaldin & Shafiee, Afsaneh, 2021. "Investigating the asymmetric impact of energy consumption on reshaping future energy policy and economic growth in Iran using extended Cobb-Douglas production function," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    4. Cui, Yu & Khan, Sufyan Ullah & Sauer, Johannes & Kipperberg, Gorm & Zhao, Minjuan, 2023. "Agricultural carbon footprint, energy utilization and economic quality: What causes what, and where?," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(PA).
    5. Cheick Kader M’baye, 2023. "Fertility, employment, and the demographic dividend in sub-Saharan African countries with incipient demographic transition: evidence from Mali," Journal of Population Research, Springer, vol. 40(2), pages 1-15, June.
    6. Dong Mu & Salman Hanif & Khalid Mehmood Alam & Omer Hanif, 2022. "A Correlative Study of Modern Logistics Industry in Developing Economy and Carbon Emission Using ARDL: A Case of Pakistan," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-18, February.
    7. Li, Songran & Shao, Qinglong, 2022. "Greening the finance for climate mitigation: An ARDL–ECM approach," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 1469-1481.
    8. Shamal Shivneel Chand & Baljeet Singh & Sanjesh Kumar, 2020. "The economic burden of non-communicable disease mortality in the South Pacific: Evidence from Fiji," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(7), pages 1-18, July.
    9. Kalpana Regmi & Jiajun Qiao & Jamal Hussain & Lochan Kumar Batala, 2022. "The effect of cereal production, cereal harvested area, and cereal yield, and forest on economic growth and environmental performance in Nepal," Economia Politica: Journal of Analytical and Institutional Economics, Springer;Fondazione Edison, vol. 39(3), pages 739-762, October.
    10. Karasoy, Alper, 2022. "Is innovative technology a solution to Japan's long-run energy insecurity? Dynamic evidence from the linear and nonlinear methods," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    11. Bloch, Harry & Rafiq, Shuddhasattwa & Salim, Ruhul, 2015. "Economic growth with coal, oil and renewable energy consumption in China: Prospects for fuel substitution," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 104-115.
    12. Villanthenkodath, Muhammed Ashiq & Mahalik, Mantu Kumar, 2021. "Does economic growth respond to electricity consumption asymmetrically in Bangladesh? The implication for environmental sustainability," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).
    13. Noraida, A.W. & Abdul-Rahim, A.S. & Othman, Mohd, 2017. "The Impact of Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) Practices on Primary Timber-Based Production in Peninsular Malaysia," Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, vol. 51(2), pages 143-154.
    14. Georgios Bertsatos & Plutarchos Sakellaris & Mike G. Tsionas, 2022. "Extensions of the Pesaran, Shin and Smith (2001) bounds testing procedure," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 62(2), pages 605-634, February.
    15. Muhammad Shafiullah & Ravinthirakumaran Navaratnam, 2016. "Do Bangladesh and Sri Lanka Enjoy Export-Led Growth? A Comparison of Two Small South Asian Economies," South Asia Economic Journal, Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka, vol. 17(1), pages 114-132, March.
    16. Ziramba, Emmanuel, 2008. "The demand for residential electricity in South Africa," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(9), pages 3460-3466, September.
    17. Andrés, Antonio R. & Halicioglu, Ferda, 2010. "Determinants of suicides in Denmark: Evidence from time series data," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 98(2-3), pages 263-269, December.
    18. Nikeel Kumar & Ronald Ravinesh Kumar & Radika Kumar & Peter Josef Stauvermann, 2020. "Is the tourism–growth relationship asymmetric in the Cook Islands? Evidence from NARDL cointegration and causality tests," Tourism Economics, , vol. 26(4), pages 658-681, June.
    19. T.K. Jayaraman & Chee-Keong Choong & Pravinesh Chand, 2016. "Do Foreign Aid And Remittance Inflows Hurt Competitiveness Of Exports Of Pacific Island Countries? An Empirical Study Of Fiji," Journal of Economic Development, Chung-Ang Unviersity, Department of Economics, vol. 41(2), pages 111-125, June.
    20. Ulrich Witt & Christian Gross, 2020. "The rise of the “service economy” in the second half of the twentieth century and its energetic contingencies," Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Springer, vol. 30(2), pages 231-246, April.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    CO2 emissions; Economic Depression; Climate change; ARDL bound test; Malaysia;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F43 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - Economic Growth of Open Economies
    • F47 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
    • Q52 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Pollution Control Adoption and Costs; Distributional Effects; Employment Effects
    • Q58 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environmental Economics: Government Policy
    • Q28 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Renewable Resources and Conservation - - - Government Policy

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eco:journ2:2023-02-18. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Ilhan Ozturk (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.econjournals.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.