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Inclusión financiera, medios de pago electrónicos y evasión tributaria: análisis económico y aplicación en Argentina

Author

Listed:
  • Florencia Verónica Pedroni
  • Gabriela Pesce
  • Anah� Briozzo

Abstract

En contextos de elevada informalidad y creciente digitalización, los empresarios se cuestionan: ¿conviene incorporar cobros electrónicos para aumentar las ventas? ¿cuánto más tendría que vender para cubrir los costos de transacción? ¿en cuánto aumentarían los costos impositivos por declarar los ingresos adicionales generados? En respuesta a tales interrogantes, este trabajo tiene por objetivo describir y comparar los costos de medios de pago e impositivos asociados a ventas cobradas con diferentes modalidades (efectivo, medios bancarios y billeteras virtuales), sensibilizando estos resultados ante escenarios de digitalización (incremento de actividad por ventas electrónicas) o informalidad (subdeclaración de ingresos). Metodológicamente es un estudio de caso simulado (microempresa alimenticia de Bahía Blanca) en el que se estiman los costos y resultados netos de once medios de pago para los dos regímenes tributarios vigentes en la Argentina: general (Responsable Inscripto [RI]) y simplificado (monotributo [MT]). Según los resultados, en términos relativos, el RI afronta menores costos de transacción y mayores costos tributarios, respecto al MT. La subdeclaración del 30 % de los ingresos en efectivo reduce a la mitad los costos impositivos por peso de ventas para ambos tipos de contribuyentes, aunque los incentivos para evadir son mayores para el RI y para el MT con ventas cercanas al punto de inflexión entre los regímenes. Los hallazgos revelan que la principal limitación a la adopción de pagos electrónicos en firmas pequenas se asocia a la informalidad y no a los costos de transacción, lo que demuestra que los fenómenos de inclusión financiera y evasión tributaria deben abordarse conjuntamente.

Suggested Citation

  • Florencia Verónica Pedroni & Gabriela Pesce & Anah� Briozzo, 2022. "Inclusión financiera, medios de pago electrónicos y evasión tributaria: análisis económico y aplicación en Argentina," Apuntes del Cenes, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, vol. 41(73), pages 171-202.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000152:020699
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • H26 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Tax Evasion and Avoidance
    • M10 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Business Administration - - - General
    • D23 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Organizational Behavior; Transaction Costs; Property Rights
    • O17 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements
    • E26 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Informal Economy; Underground Economy

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