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Iran’s Inflationary Experience: Demand Pressures, External Shocks, and Supply Constraints

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  • Kandil Magda

    (Research and Statistics, Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates)

  • Mirzaie Ida A.

    (Department of Economics, The Ohio State University, 1945 N. High Street, Columbus, OH 43210-1120, USA)

Abstract

This paper studies determinants of inflation in Iran. The buildup of international reserves has accelerated during the episode of higher oil price. The associated increase in government spending has limited contribution to capacity building and pronounced inflationary pressures, which accelerated at the beginning of the Iran-Iraq war in 1980, and eased at the end of the war in 1988. Accommodating monetary stance has proven to be an important determinant of inflation, both in the long and in the short-runs. In the long-run, depreciation of the rial increases the cost of intermediate goods, increasing inflationary pressures with limited significant effect on output. In contrast, depreciation could boost competitiveness of non-energy exports, in support of higher demand and output growth in the short-run. For policy implications, priorities going forward should be in place to direct both public and private resources toward relaxing binding capacity constraints, capitalizing on oil resources in Iran and the prospects of the positive implications of lifting sanctions in the context of the recent nuclear agreement between Iran and the G5+1 countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Kandil Magda & Mirzaie Ida A., 2017. "Iran’s Inflationary Experience: Demand Pressures, External Shocks, and Supply Constraints," Review of Middle East Economics and Finance, De Gruyter, vol. 13(2), pages 1-19, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:bpj:rmeecf:v:13:y:2017:i:2:p:19:n:1
    DOI: 10.1515/rmeef-2016-0018
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    Cited by:

    1. Magda Kandil & Ida A. Mirzaie, 2021. "Macroeconomic policies and the Iranian economy in the era of sanctions," Middle East Development Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 13(1), pages 78-98, January.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    inflation; import price; domestic policies; oil wealth; exchange rate;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E61 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination
    • E62 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Fiscal Policy; Modern Monetary Theory
    • E63 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Stabilization; Treasury Policy
    • E32 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
    • E21 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Consumption; Saving; Wealth

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