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Monetary, fiscal, and structural drivers of inflation in Ethiopia: new empirical evidence from time series analysis

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  • Léonce Ndikumana
  • Janvier D. Nkurunziza
  • Miguel Eduardo Sánchez Martín
  • Samuel Mulugeta
  • Zerihun Getachew Kelbore

Abstract

This study empirically investigates the drivers of inflation in Ethiopia using monthly data over the period July 1998 to September 2020. It explores short‐run and long‐run effects of domestic and external determinants of inflation—including demand‐side, supply‐side, and structural factors—using the cointegration and vector error‐correction methodology. Four measures of inflation are considered: cereals, food, nonfood, and all‐items Consummer Price Index (CPI) inflation. A key contribution to the existing literature is the investigation of the role of the fiscal sector in modeling inflation, a topic that has been neglected in the existing studies on inflation in Ethiopia. The empirical results show that disequilibria in the monetary sector, grains sector, and food markets have long‐run effects on inflation. In the short run, inflation is driven by structural factors (notably, cereal output gaps and imported inflation) as well as demand‐side factors (notably, money growth and public sector borrowing). The results hold when analysis is limited to the high growth period from 2005 onward, following the end of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) program in the country. The evidence provides valuable insights in the context of ongoing macroeconomic policy reforms in Ethiopia.

Suggested Citation

  • Léonce Ndikumana & Janvier D. Nkurunziza & Miguel Eduardo Sánchez Martín & Samuel Mulugeta & Zerihun Getachew Kelbore, 2023. "Monetary, fiscal, and structural drivers of inflation in Ethiopia: new empirical evidence from time series analysis," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(2), pages 924-962, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:rdevec:v:27:y:2023:i:2:p:924-962
    DOI: 10.1111/rode.12958
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Nell, Kevin, 2023. "Inflation and growth in developing economies: A tribute to Professor Thirlwall," MPRA Paper 118757, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 01 Sep 2023.
    2. Dennis Nsafoah & Cosmas Dery & Ayobami E. Ilori, 2025. "Revisiting the drivers of inflation in Sub-Saharan Africa after COVID-19," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 68(3), pages 1073-1112, March.

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