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Do Capital Tax Incentives Attract New Businesses? Evidence Across Industries From The New Markets Tax Credit

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  • Kaitlyn Harger
  • Amanda Ross

Abstract

All levels of government pursue policies to attract new businesses with the hope that these enterprises will create local economic growth. In this paper, we use the New Markets Tax Credit (NMTC) to determine the effect of a capital tax credit on where firms in different types of industries locate. When estimating the impact of the NMTC on business location, there are likely to be unobservable local characteristics that are correlated with where businesses choose to open that would cause OLS estimates to be biased. To control for the endogenous selection, we use a plausibly exogenous eligibility cutoff and compare census tracts that are just eligible for the tax credit to those that are just ineligible. Using data from the Dun and Bradstreet MarketPlace Files, we find that in Metropolitan Statistical Areas, the NMTC incentivized new businesses to locate in tracts that were eligible for the tax credit in 2002 and 2004. However, we find that in 2006 the tax credit deterred new establishments. When we stratify the 2006 sample by industry, we find that this capital tax credit attracted more capital intensive industries, such as manufacturing, while deterring more labor intensive industries, such as services. Our results are important to policy makers, as we find that the type of tax credit offered causes a sorting of different industries across locations.
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Suggested Citation

  • Kaitlyn Harger & Amanda Ross, 2016. "Do Capital Tax Incentives Attract New Businesses? Evidence Across Industries From The New Markets Tax Credit," Journal of Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 56(5), pages 733-753, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:jregsc:v:56:y:2016:i:5:p:733-753
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1111/jors.2016.56.issue-5
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    Cited by:

    1. Freedman, Matthew & Khanna, Shantanu & Neumark, David, 2023. "Combining rules and discretion in economic development policy: Evidence on the impacts of the California Competes Tax Credit," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).
    2. Margaret Frank, Mary & Hoopes, Jeffrey L. & Lester, Rebecca, 2022. "What determines where opportunity knocks? Political affiliation in the selection of Opportunity Zones," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 206(C).
    3. Gary A. Wagner & Javier E. Portillo, 2024. "Cashing in on culture: local employment effects from art and cultural district designation," Journal of Cultural Economics, Springer;The Association for Cultural Economics International, vol. 48(4), pages 645-684, December.
    4. Patrick, Carlianne, 2016. "Jobless capital? The role of capital subsidies," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 169-179.
    5. Einiö, Elias & Overman, Henry G., 2020. "The effects of supporting local business: Evidence from the UK," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    6. Andrew Hanson, 2021. "Taxes and Economic Development: An Update on the State of the Economics Literature," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 35(3), pages 232-253, August.
    7. Garret Kent Fellows & Jennifer Winter & Alaz Munzur, 2023. "An Analysis of Industrial Policy Mechanisms to Support Commercial Deployment of Bitumen Partial Upgrading in Alberta," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-49, March.
    8. Mark Partridge & Sydney Schreiner & Alexandra Tsvetkova & Carlianne Elizabeth Patrick, 2020. "The Effects of State and Local Economic Incentives on Business Start-Ups in the United States: County-Level Evidence," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 34(2), pages 171-187, May.
    9. Freedman, Matthew, 2015. "Place-based programs and the geographic dispersion of employment," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 1-19.
    10. Matthew Freedman & Annemarie Kuhns, 2018. "Supply-side subsidies to improve food access and dietary outcomes: Evidence from the New Markets Tax Credit," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 55(14), pages 3234-3251, November.
    11. Carlianne Patrick & Heather M. Stephens, 2020. "Incentivizing the Missing Middle: The Role of Economic Development Policy," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 34(2), pages 154-170, May.
    12. Mikhail Ivonchyk, 2022. "Local Economic Development Policies and Business Activity: Dynamic Panel Data Analysis of All County Governments in the State of Georgia," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 36(2), pages 92-107, May.
    13. Carlianne Patrick & Amanda Ross & Heather Stephens, 2016. "Designing Policies to Spur Economic Growth: How Regional Scientists Can Contribute to Future Policy Development and Evaluation," Working Papers 16-04, Department of Economics, West Virginia University.
    14. Shinya Fukui, 2020. "The effect of deregulation of the "Act concerning the Industry Restriction"," Discussion Papers 2002, Graduate School of Economics, Kobe University.
    15. Anil Rupasingha & John Pender & Ryan Williams & Joshua Goldstein & Devika Nair, 2023. "Place‐based subsidies and employment growth in rural America: Evidence from the broadband initiatives programme," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 102(4), pages 677-708, August.
    16. Mukherjee, Srutakirti & Raimi, Daniel, 2023. "What Can Federal Place-Based Economic Policies Teach Us about the Energy Transition?," RFF Reports 23-16, Resources for the Future.
    17. Brett Theodos & Christina Stacy & Daniel Teles & Chris Davis & Ananya Hariharan, 2022. "Place‐based investment and neighborhood change: The impacts of New Markets Tax Credits on jobs, poverty, and neighborhood composition," Journal of Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 62(4), pages 1092-1121, September.
    18. Corinth, Kevin & Feldman, Naomi E., 2022. "The Impact of Opportunity Zones on Commercial Investment and Economic Activity," IZA Discussion Papers 15247, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).

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