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The Impact of Fundamentals on IPO Valuation

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  • Rajesh Aggarwal
  • Sanjai Bhagat
  • Srinivasan Rangan

Abstract

We examine how initial public offering (IPO) valuation has changed over time by focusing on three time periods: 1986‐1990, January 1997 to March 2000 (designated as the boom period), and April 2000 to December 2001 (designated as the crash period). Using a sample of 1,655 IPOs, we find that firms with more negative earnings have higher valuations than do firms with less negative earnings and firms with more positive earnings have higher valuations than firms with less positive earnings. Our results suggest that negative earnings are a proxy for growth opportunities for Internet firms and that such growth options are a significant component of IPO firm value.

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  • Rajesh Aggarwal & Sanjai Bhagat & Srinivasan Rangan, 2009. "The Impact of Fundamentals on IPO Valuation," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 38(2), pages 253-284, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:finmgt:v:38:y:2009:i:2:p:253-284
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-053X.2009.01035.x
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    Cited by:

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    3. Ying Xiao & Chris Yung, 2015. "Extrapolation Errors in IPOs," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 44(4), pages 713-751, October.
    4. Cécile Carpentier & Jean-François L'Her & Jean-Marc Suret, 2010. "Seasoned Equity Offerings by Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises," CIRANO Working Papers 2010s-07, CIRANO.
    5. C.P. Gupta & Sneha Suri, 2017. "Valuation and Pricing of Indian IPOs," Vision, , vol. 21(4), pages 375-384, December.
    6. Baranchuk, Nina & Kieschnick, Robert & Moussawi, Rabih, 2014. "Motivating innovation in newly public firms," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 111(3), pages 578-588.
    7. Signori, Andrea, 2018. "Zero-revenue IPOs," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 106-121.
    8. Reber, Beat, 2017. "Does mispricing, liquidity or third-party certification contribute to IPO downside risk?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 25-53.
    9. Jerry W. Chen & Jing Zhou, 2021. "Valuing Initial Public Offerings Using Article 11 Pro Forma Financial Information in the Prospectus," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 38(1), pages 707-739, March.
    10. Boucher, Carène & Kooli, Maher & Walker, Thomas, 2023. "Litigation risk, underpricing, and money-losing IPOs," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    11. Michael Willenborg & Biyu Wu & Yanhua Sunny Yang, 2015. "Issuer Operating Performance and IPO Price Formation," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 53(5), pages 1109-1149, December.
    12. Reber, Beat & Vencappa, Dev, 2016. "Deliberate premarket underpricing and aftermarket mispricing: New insights on IPO pricing," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 18-33.
    13. Cécile Carpentier & Jean-François L’Her & Jean-Marc Suret, 2012. "Seasoned equity offerings by small and medium-sized enterprises," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 38(4), pages 449-465, May.
    14. Carpentier, Cécile & Suret, Jean-Marc, 2019. "On the performance of a stepping-stone market," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 226-239.
    15. Seshadev Sahoo, 2015. "Subscription Rate and Volatility," Journal of Emerging Market Finance, Institute for Financial Management and Research, vol. 14(1), pages 20-58, April.
    16. Cécile Carpentier & Douglas Cumming & Jean-Marc Suret, 2010. "The Valuation Effect of Listing Requirements: An Analysis of Venture Capital-Backed IPOs," CIRANO Working Papers 2010s-01, CIRANO.
    17. Mary Brooke Billings & Kevin Hsueh & Melissa F. Lewis-Western & Gladriel Shobe, 2023. "Innovations in IPO Deal Structure: Do Up-C IPOs Harm Public Shareholders?," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 69(5), pages 3048-3079, May.
    18. Cécile Carpentier & Jean-Marc Suret, 2011. "L'escompte canadien : un réexamen," CIRANO Project Reports 2011rp-11, CIRANO.
    19. Carey, Peter & Fang, Victor & Zhang, Hong Feng, 2016. "The role of optimistic news stories in IPO pricing," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 16-29.
    20. Alok R. Saboo & Anindita Chakravarty & Rajdeep Grewal, 2016. "Organizational Debut on the Public Stage: Marketing Myopia and Initial Public Offerings," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 35(4), pages 656-675, July.
    21. Boucher, Carène & Kooli, Maher, 2022. "Anatomy of money-losing IPOs," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    22. He, Liyu & Hsin-han Shen, Carl & Shiu, Cheng-Yi, 2022. "Is fair value information fairly priced? Evidence from IPOs in global capital markets✰," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    23. Tatiana Fedyk & Zvi Singer & Mark Soliman, 2017. "The sharpest tool in the shed: IPO financial statement management of STEM vs. non-STEM firms," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 22(4), pages 1541-1581, December.
    24. Harsimran Sandhu & Kousik Guhathakurta, 2020. "Effects of IPO Offer Price Ranges on Initial Subscription, Initial Turnover and Ownership Structure—Evidence from Indian IPO Market," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-19, November.

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