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Análisis de los flujos de trabajadores y la segmentación laboral en Colombia

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  • Carlos F. Prada

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Abstract

Durante la década de los noventa, Colombia experimentó un cambio profundo en el comportamiento del mercado asalariado formal. Reformas al modelo de seguridad social, recesión a finales de la década y otros factores tuvieron un efecto negativo en el comportamiento del mercado laboral, ya que este tipo de empleo se hizo más oneroso tanto para empleadores como para trabajadores. La pérdida de oportunidades en el sector asalariado, especialmente para los más vulnerables, fue propiciando lentamente el crecimiento de la actividad por cuenta propia. La literatura ha señalado que esto provocó un fenómeno denominado la hipótesis de segmentación en el mercado laboral. En este documento se analiza dicho fenómeno a través de un canal empírico alternativo a la literatura reciente: las transiciones laborales. Para esto se analizaron los flujos laborales y se estimaron sus determinantes. Los resultados de estos ejercicios indican que durante el período considerado hubo un cambio masivo y sostenido del sector asalariado formal hacia el sector por cuenta propia informal. Se comprobó que la base de estos movimientos fue el efecto de la salida involuntaria del empleo anterior.

Suggested Citation

  • Carlos F. Prada, 2012. "Análisis de los flujos de trabajadores y la segmentación laboral en Colombia," Revista ESPE - Ensayos sobre Política Económica, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, vol. 30(68), pages 74-113, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:bdr:ensayo:v:30:y:2012:i:68:p:74-113
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Arango Luis Eduardo & Andrés Felipe Garcia & Carlos Esteban Posada, 2008. "La metodología de la Encuesta Continua de Hogares y el empalme de las series del mercado laboral urbano de Colombia," Revista Desarrollo y Sociedad, Universidad de los Andes - CEDE, May.
    2. Maurice Obstfeld & Kenneth S. Rogoff, 1996. "Foundations of International Macroeconomics," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262150476, March.
    3. Haltiwanger, John C. & Vodopivec, Milan, 2002. "Gross worker and job flows in a transition economy: an analysis of Estonia," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 9(5), pages 601-630, November.
    4. Robert E. Lucas Jr., 1978. "On the Size Distribution of Business Firms," Bell Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 9(2), pages 508-523, Autumn.
    5. Gasparini Leonardo & Leonardo Tornaroli, 2009. "Labor Informality in Latin America and the Caribbean: Patterns and Trends from Household Survey Microdata," Revista Desarrollo y Sociedad, Universidad de los Andes - CEDE, September.
    6. Fiess, Norbert M. & Fugazza, Marco & Maloney, William F., 2008. "Informality and Macroeconomic Fluctuations," IZA Discussion Papers 3519, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    7. Santa María Mauricio & Sandra Rozo, 2009. "Análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo de la informalidad empresarial en Colombia," Revista Desarrollo y Sociedad, Universidad de los Andes - CEDE, September.
    8. Davis, Steven J. & Haltiwanger, John, 1999. "Gross job flows," Handbook of Labor Economics,in: O. Ashenfelter & D. Card (ed.), Handbook of Labor Economics, edition 1, volume 3, chapter 41, pages 2711-2805 Elsevier.
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    Cited by:

    1. Hugo López Castaño & Francisco Lasso Valderrama, 2015. "Flujos de trabajadores en el mercado laboral colombiano, determinantes de las diferencias entre hombres y mujeres, y futuro laboral esperado," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 88817, Inter-American Development Bank.
    2. repec:ilo:ilowps:482088 is not listed on IDEAS

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Flujos laborales; matrices de transición; segmentación en el mercado laboral; costos no salariales;

    JEL classification:

    • C35 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models; Discrete Regressors; Proportions
    • J23 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Demand
    • J32 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits; Retirement Plans; Private Pensions
    • J63 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Turnover; Vacancies; Layoffs

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