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Content
August 2013, Volume 40, Issue 3
- 541-560 The public reallocation of resources across age: a comparison of Austria and Sweden
by Bernhard Hammer & Alexia Prskawetz
May 2013, Volume 40, Issue 2
- 215-235 Trend inflation as a workers’ discipline device
by Giovanni Di Bartolomeo & Patrizio Tirelli & Nicola Acocella - 237-257 Currency fluctuations and the French–U.S. trade balance: evidence from 118 industries
by Mohsen Bahmani-Oskooee & Hanafiah Harvey & Scott Hegerty - 259-285 Wage subsidies, work incentives, and the reform of the Austrian welfare system
by Viktor Steiner & Florian Wakolbinger - 287-324 Impact of exchange-rate variability on commodity trade between U.S. and Germany
by Mohsen Bahmani-Oskooee & Masoomeh Hajilee - 325-341 Exploring the distribution of direct payments of the Common Agricultural Policy
by Franz Sinabell & Erwin Schmid & Markus Hofreither - 343-362 The determinants of rent extraction in the parent-subsidiary relation
by Klaus Gugler - 363-390 Monetary transmission in three central European economies: evidence from time-varying coefficient vector autoregressions
by Zsolt Darvas
February 2013, Volume 40, Issue 1
- 1-19 Regional origins of employment volatility: evidence from German states
by Claudia Buch & Martin Schlotter - 21-37 Regime changes and the impact of currency depreciations: the case of Spanish–US industry trade
by Mohsen Bahmani-Oskooee & Hanafiah Harvey & Scott Hegerty - 39-74 The debt brake: business cycle and welfare consequences of Germany’s new fiscal policy rule
by Eric Mayer & Nikolai Stähler - 75-109 Taking the measure of things: the role of measurement in EU trade
by M. Choudhary & Paul Temple & Lei Zhao - 111-151 Capital structure and innovation: causality and determinants
by Eleonora Bartoloni - 153-174 Gini’s transvariation analysis: an application on financial crises in developing countries
by Daniela Bragoli & Piero Ganugi & Giancarlo Ianulardo - 175-196 Portfolio choice of financial investors and European business cycle convergence: a panel analysis for EU countries
by Ansgar Belke & Jennifer Schneider - 197-214 Has the Euro increased international price elasticities?
by Oliver Holtemöller & Götz Zeddies
November 2012, Volume 39, Issue 4
- 435-437 Introduction to the special issue on regional development and mobility in the European Union
by Peter Huber & Klaus Nowotny - 439-460 Migration and regional convergence in the European Union
by Peter Huber & Gabriele Tondl - 461-485 The effect of a culturally diverse labour supply on regional income in the EU
by Stephan Brunow & Hanna Brenzel - 487-511 Regional determinants of MNE’s location choice in post-transition economies
by Andrea Gauselmann & Philipp Marek - 513-524 The relationship between total factor productivity growth and employment: some evidence from a sample of European Regions
by Maria Ladu - 525-544 Sectoral shifts, diversification and regional unemployment: evidence from local labour systems in Italy
by Roberto Basile & Alessandro Girardi & Marianna Mantuano & Francesco Pastore
August 2012, Volume 39, Issue 3
- 279-292 Revising higher education policy in Greece: filling the Danaids’ Jar
by Elias Katsikas & Theologos Dergiades - 293-325 New evidence on the sources of EU countries’ productivity growth—industry growth differences from R&D and competition
by Thomas Strobel - 327-340 The synchronization of wage dynamics across EMU members. A test of the endogeneity hypothesis
by Herbert Buscher & Hubert Gabrisch - 341-356 Determinants of government bond spreads in the euro area: in good times as in bad
by Christian Aßmann & Jens Boysen-Hogrefe - 357-374 The Bologna Process and widening participation in university education: new evidence from Italy
by Giorgio Di Pietro - 375-405 Austrian exporters: unique or alike? New insights and missing puzzle pieces
by Roman Stöllinger & Robert Stehrer & Johannes Pöschl - 407-434 Mundell in 3D, synchronization of supply and demand shocks among sectors not countries, with application to CEECs
by Michaela Krčílková & Jan Zápal
May 2012, Volume 39, Issue 2
- 157-163 The climate challenge for the energy system
by Angela Köppl & Karl Steininger - 165-189 Investment and employment from large-scale photovoltaics up to 2050
by Wolf Grossmann & Karl Steininger & Christoph Schmid & Iris Grossmann - 191-215 Climate policy targets in emerging and industrialized economies: the influence of technological differences, environmental preferences and propensity to save
by Birgit Bednar-Friedl - 217-231 Does a cap on the carbon price have to be a cap on green investments?
by Alexander Brauneis & Roland Mestel & Stefan Palan - 233-260 The effectiveness of anti-leakage policies in the European Union: results for Austria
by Birgit Bednar-Friedl & Veronika Kulmer & Thomas Schinko - 261-278 Regional and environmental impacts of expanding the heavy duty vehicle charge to the secondary road network in Austria
by Karl Steininger & Christoph Schmid & Alexandra Tobin
February 2012, Volume 39, Issue 1
- 1-18 Short or long-term contract? Firm’s optimal choice
by Dimitri Paolini & Juan de Tena - 19-44 The impact of foreign macroeconomic news on financial markets in the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland
by David Büttner & Bernd Hayo & Matthias Neuenkirch - 45-64 Do Austrian men and women become more equal? At least in terms of labour supply!
by Georg Wernhart & Rudolf Winter-Ebmer - 65-86 Intergenerational transmission of educational attainment in Austria
by Pirmin Fessler & Peter Mooslechner & Martin Schürz - 87-108 Optimal fixed cost subsidies in Melitz-type models
by Benjamin Jung - 109-122 Market power in Austrian food retailing: the case of milk products
by Klaus Salhofer & Christoph Tribl & Franz Sinabell - 123-156 Fiscal policy and asset price volatility
by Athanasios Tagkalakis
November 2011, Volume 38, Issue 4
- 461-480 New EU member states and the Euro: economic readiness, benefits and costs
by Rokas Bancevičius - 481-510 Labour-incentive reforms at preretirement age in Austria
by Isilda Mara & Edlira Narazani - 511-537 Determinants of international fragmentation of production in European Union
by Götz Zeddies - 539-553 The (in)stability of money demand in the euro area: lessons from a cross-country analysis
by Dieter Nautz & Ulrike Rondorf - 555-578 Behavioural equilibrium exchange rate and total misalignment: evidence from the euro exchange rate
by Nikolaos Giannellis & Minoas Koukouritakis - 579-605 Financial reforms and capital flows to emerging Europe
by Martin Schmitz
July 2011, Volume 38, Issue 3
- 283-285 Facing the crisis: new challenges for competition policy Selected papers from the 2010 annual meeting of the Austrian economic association
by Gerhard Clemenz & Maarten Janssen - 287-314 Challenges in EU competition policy
by Lars-Hendrik Röller - 315-330 Competition policy: ten lessons learnt from the financial crisis
by Michael Böheim - 331-349 Too big to fail: a thorn in the side of free markets
by Kersten Kellermann - 351-380 Is more competition conducive to the macroeconomic performance in the euro area?
by Klaus Weyerstrass & Johannes Jaenicke - 381-388 SSNIP, state-owned enterprises, public goods and complements
by Nikolaus Fink - 389-415 Empirical methods in the analysis of collusion
by Johannes Paha - 417-434 Merger remedies involving restructuring costs in a Cournot framework
by Christian Steiner & Kai Hüschelrath & Jürgen Weigand - 435-459 Optimal macroeconomic policies in a financial and economic crisis: a case study for Slovenia
by Reinhard Neck & Dmitri Blueschke & Klaus Weyerstrass
May 2011, Volume 38, Issue 2
- 155-167 Money growth, uncertainty and macroeconomic activity: a multivariate GARCH analysis
by David Cronin & Robert Kelly & Bernard Kennedy - 169-201 Modeling regional labor markets in Germany: insights not only for German policy makers
by Simon Fauser - 203-221 Regional output growth synchronisation with the Euro Area
by Iulia Siedschlag & Gabriele Tondl - 223-230 Price effects of the euro cash changeover: the role of product market competition
by Isabell Koske - 231-257 Financial incentives in the Austrian PAYG-pension system: micro-estimation
by Roman Raab - 259-281 Employed unemployed? On shadow employment in transition
by Joanna Tyrowicz & Stanisław Cichocki
February 2011, Volume 38, Issue 1
- 1-2 Introduction
by Gerhard Rünstler & Ewald Walterskirchen - 3-17 America’s flawed paradigm: macroeconomic causes of the financial crisis and great recession
by Thomas Palley - 19-51 Turning the page? EU fiscal consolidation in the wake of the crisis
by Paul den Noord - 53-69 Lessons from the crisis in Finland and Sweden in the 1990s
by Jaakko Kiander & Pentti Vartia - 71-76 Lessons from the crisis in Finland and Sweden in the 1990s by Jaakko Kiander, Pentti Vartia: Comment
by Helene Schuberth - 77-101 The future of financial markets: financial crisis avoidance
by David Mayes - 103-105 David Mayes: The future of financial markets—How to avoid a financial crisis in the future? Comment
by Franz Hahn - 107-130 Why did policy ignore the harbingers of the crisis?
by Gunther Tichy - 131-152 Global financial crisis as a phenomenon of stock market overshooting
by Fritz Breuss - 153-154 Kurt Wilhelm Rothschild (1914–2010)
by Karl Aiginger & Fritz Breuss
November 2010, Volume 37, Issue 4
- 361-380 Complementarity between heterogeneous human capital and R&D: can job-training avoid low development traps?
by Sergio Scicchitano - 381-402 Cyclical asymmetry in fiscal variables in the EU
by Fabrizio Balassone & Maura Francese & Stefania Zotteri - 403-424 Is there any scope for corporatism in macroeconomic policies?
by Nicola Acocella & Giovanni Bartolomeo & Wilfried Pauwels - 425-444 The determinants of job creation and destruction: plant-level evidence for Eastern and Western Germany
by Michaela Fuchs & Antje Weyh - 445-453 The changing nature of inflation persistence in Switzerland
by Peter Tillmann - 455-476 The border effects in Spain: an industry-level analysis
by Francisco Requena & Carlos Llano
July 2010, Volume 37, Issue 3
- 237-251 Market efficiency and the Euro: the case of the Athens stock exchange
by Theodore Panagiotidis - 253-269 Inflation and output in the long and short run in Turkey
by Ensar Yilmaz - 271-290 Do the catholic and protestant countries differ by their tax morale?
by Vesa Kanniainen & Jenni Pääkkönen - 291-309 Fiscal and monetary interactions when wage-setters are large: is there a role for corporatist policies?
by Lilia Cavallari - 311-328 Why do growth rates differ? Evidence from cross-country data on private sector production
by Juha Kilponen & Matti Viren - 329-359 R&D and productivity: using UK firm-level data to inform policy
by Mark Rogers
May 2010, Volume 37, Issue 2
- 101-103 Editorial: labor markets, inequality and the welfare state
by Johann Brunner & Gerald Pruckner - 105-125 Changes in the Austrian structure of wages, 1996–2002: evidence from linked employer-employee data
by Wolfgang Pointner & Alfred Stiglbauer - 127-163 No risk and some fun? Trade and wages in the enlarged European Union
by Éva Polgár & Julia Wörz - 165-195 What drives the perception of health and safety risks in the workplace? Evidence from European labour markets
by Thomas Leoni - 197-214 Decreasing fertility, economic growth and the intergenerational wage gap
by Klaus Prettner & Alexia Prskawetz - 215-236 Demand for redistribution, support for the welfare state, and party identification in Austria
by Andreas Kuhn
February 2010, Volume 37, Issue 1
- 1-3 Introduction
by Christian Bellak & Yvonne Wolfmayr - 5-17 Bilateral FDI potentials for Austria
by Peter Egger - 19-46 The role of public policy in closing foreign direct investment gaps: an empirical analysis
by C. Bellak & M. Leibrecht & R. Stehrer - 47-63 Outsourcing versus integration at home or abroad and firm heterogeneity
by Stefano Federico - 65-85 International outsourcing and the demand for skills
by Kurt Kratena - 87-100 The substitutability between parent company and foreign affiliate employment in Europe
by Martin Falk & Yvonne Wolfmayr
November 2009, Volume 36, Issue 4
- 365-387 International technology spillovers, human capital and productivity linkages: evidence from the industrial sector
by Nicholas Apergis & Claire Economidou & Ioannis Filippidis - 389-406 How large are wage differentials in Austria?
by Wolfgang Pollan - 407-418 Is the adjustment to real interest rate parity asymmetric?
by Arusha Cooray - 419-443 The effects of monetary policy in the Czech Republic: an empirical study
by Magdalena Borys & Roman Horváth & Michal Franta - 445-460 On the mechanisms of achieving fiscal (un)sustainability: the case of Poland
by Michał Mackiewicz & Piotr Krajewski - 461-474 Policy uncertainty, symbiosis, and the optimal fiscal and monetary conservativeness
by Giovanni Di Bartolomeo & Francesco Giuli & Marco Manzo - 475-499 The fiscal outlook in Austria: an evaluation with Generational Accounts
by Veronika Deeg & Christian Hagist & Stefan Moog
August 2009, Volume 36, Issue 3
- 229-244 When and why do Austrian companies issue shares?
by Johann Burgstaller - 245-272 Addiction, social interactions and gender differences in cigarette consumption
by David Aristei & Luca Pieroni - 273-292 Does Benford’s Law hold in economic research and forecasting?
by Stefan Günnel & Karl-Heinz Tödter - 293-308 Entry, market turbulence and industry employment growth
by Kristina Nyström - 309-330 The Austrian income tax tariff, 1955–2006
by Margit Schratzenstaller & Andreas Wagener - 331-350 The interaction of firing costs and firm training
by Wolfgang Lechthaler - 351-364 The sector bias of skill-biased technical change and the rising skill premium in transition economies
by Piero Esposito & Robert Stehrer
May 2009, Volume 36, Issue 2
- 159-164 Cycles and growth: an introduction
by Sandra Steindl & Gunther Tichy - 165-176 On the integration of growth and business cycles
by Diego Comin - 177-192 Volatility, growth and cycles
by Ray Barrell & Dawn Holland & Iana Liadze & Olga Pomerantz - 193-207 A spatial econometric analysis of the regional growth and volatility in Europe
by Martin Falk & Franz Sinabell - 209-227 The short and long-run interdependencies between the Eurozone and the USA
by Paul Gaggl & Serguei Kaniovski & Klaus Prettner & Thomas Url
February 2009, Volume 36, Issue 1
- 1-4 Editorial: 10 years EMU
by Fritz Breuss - 5-20 The Euro at ten: achievements and challenges
by Paul Grauwe - 21-44 Monetary and fiscal policy interactions in the EMU when cyclical conditions are uncertain
by Marco Buti & Martin Larch & Fabio Balboni - 45-49 On the benefits of fiscal policy coordination in a currency union: a note
by Ansgar Belke & Daniel Gros - 51-63 Money velocity and asset prices in the euro area
by Christian Dreger & Jürgen Wolters - 65-100 Defying the ‘Juncker curse’: can reformist governments be re-elected?
by Marco Buti & Alessandro Turrini & Paul Noord & Pietro Biroli - 101-122 Global impact of a shift in foreign reserves to euros
by Fritz Breuss & Werner Roeger & Jan in’t Veld - 123-158 An estimated two-country DSGE model of Austria and the Euro Area
by Fritz Breuss & Katrin Rabitsch
December 2008, Volume 35, Issue 5
- 449-464 Liberalisation, competition and ownership in the presence of vertical relations
by Johan Willner - 465-479 Structural breaks in Austrian foreign trade with Eastern Europe during the early 1970s
by Jarko Fidrmuc & Sylvia Kaufmann & Andreas Resch - 481-502 Demand effects of the falling wage share in Austria
by Engelbert Stockhammer & Stefan Ederer - 503-523 Intra-industry differences in vertical integration, heterogeneous costs and pricing: the case of web hosting
by Michael Thompson & Steve Thompson - 525-545 Privatisation and aggregate output: testing for macroeconomic transmission channels
by Emanuele Bacchiocchi & Massimo Florio
September 2008, Volume 35, Issue 4
- 335-337 Editorial: Economic policy problems in the European Union
by Reinhard Neck - 339-367 A rank order and efficiency evaluation of the EU regions in a social framework
by Tatjana Slavova - 369-389 Enlarging the EMU to the east: what effects on trade?
by Ansgar Belke & Julia Spies - 391-403 Macroeconomic effects of Slovenia’s integration in the Euro Area
by Klaus Weyerstrass & Reinhard Neck - 405-431 The relationship between insurance and economic growth in Europe: a theoretical and empirical analysis
by Peter Haiss & Kjell Sümegi - 433-448 Fiscal-monetary policy coordination and debt management: a two-stage analysis
by Giovanni Di Bartolomeo & Debora Di Gioacchino
July 2008, Volume 35, Issue 3
- 233-240 Optimal patent length and height
by Patrick Beschorner - 241-253 Testing for unit and fractional orders of integration in the trend and seasonal components of US monetary aggregates
by Guglielmo Caporale & Luis Gil-Alana - 255-266 Extending working hours: why not work 42 h rather than 38?—a CGE analysis for Germany
by Klaus Conrad & Henrike Koschel & Andreas Löschel - 267-278 Changing of the guards: New coaches in Austria’s premier football league
by Franz Wirl & Simon Sagmeister - 279-291 Industry specific effects in investment performance and valuation of firms
by Per-Olof Bjuggren & Daniel Wiberg - 293-312 The dynamics of the growth of firms: evidence from the services sector
by Blandina Oliveira & Adelino Fortunato - 313-334 Ricardian fiscal regimes in the European Union
by António Afonso
April 2008, Volume 35, Issue 2
- 129-143 Should mobile capital pay for public infrastructure investment?
by Kersten Kellermann - 145-164 Strategic technology choice in regulated markets with demand uncertainty
by Debora Di Gioacchino - 165-178 Workfare in an efficiency wage model
by Volker Meier - 179-194 Technology adoption: does labour skill matter? Evidence from Portuguese firm-level data
by Natália Barbosa & Ana Faria - 195-211 Fundamentals, the exchange rate and prospects for the current and future EU enlargements: evidence from Bulgaria, Croatia, Romania and Turkey
by Jesús Crespo Cuaresma & Jarko Fidrmuc & Maria Silgoner - 213-231 Trade and productivity: an industry perspective
by Harald Badinger & Fritz Breuss
March 2008, Volume 35, Issue 1
- 1-24 Firm survival: methods and evidence
by Miguel Manjón-AntolÃn & Josep-Maria Arauzo-Carod - 25-39 New small firm survival in England
by George Saridakis & Kevin Mole & David Storey - 41-58 Determinants of firm survival: a duration analysis using the generalized gamma distribution
by Serguei Kaniovski & Michael Peneder - 59-80 The shadow of death: do regional differences matter for firm survival across native and immigrant entrepreneurs?
by Nikolinka Fertala - 81-104 Does a “survival-by-exportingâ€\x9D effect for SMEs exist?
by Silviano Esteve-Pérez & Juan Máñez-Castillejo & Juan Sanchis-Llopis - 105-128 The disadvantage of entrants: did transition eliminate it? The case of the Russian footwear industry (1992–2000)
by Gustavo Rinaldi
December 2007, Volume 34, Issue 5
- 397-410 Does population density matter in the process of matching heterogeneous job seekers and vacancies?
by Sanna-Mari Hynninen & Jukka Lahtonen - 411-425 The effect of capital requirement regulation on the transmission of monetary policy: evidence from Austria
by Philipp Engler & Terhi Jokipii & Christian Merkl & Pablo Rovira Kaltwasser & Lúcio Vinhas de Souza - 427-451 The establishment-size wage premium: evidence from European countries
by Thierry Lallemand & Robert Plasman & François Rycx - 453-475 Inflation persistence during periods of structural change: an assessment using Greek data
by George Hondroyiannis & Sophia Lazaretou - 477-489 Price transmission in cross boundary supply chains
by Frank Asche & Rui Menezes & Joaõ Dias - 491-505 Price-setting behavior of Austrian firms
by Claudia Kwapil & Johann Scharler & Josef Baumgartner
September 2007, Volume 34, Issue 4
- 281-286 Introduction
by Jan Fidrmuc & Peter Huber - 287-297 Unemployment disparities and regional wage flexibility: comparing EU members and EU-accession countries
by Thiess Buettner - 299-317 Can labour market institutions explain high unemployment rates in the new EU member states?
by Sjef Ederveen & Laura Thissen - 319-349 Looking for the workforce: the elderly, discouraged workers, minorities, and students in the Baltic labour markets
by Mihails Hazans - 351-369 The willingness to migrate in the CEECs evidence from the Czech Republic
by Jan Fidrmuc & Peter Huber - 371-395 Do the best go west? An analysis of the self-selection of employed East-West migrants in Germany
by Herbert Brücker & Parvati Trübswetter
July 2007, Volume 34, Issue 3
- 189-212 A sectoral taxonomy of educational intensity
by Michael Peneder - 213-229 Wage differences between Austrian men and women: semper idem?
by René Böheim & Helmut Hofer & Christine Zulehner - 231-245 Environmental determinants of banking efficiency in Austria
by Franz Hahn - 247-271 Technical change in a bubble economy: Japanese manufacturing firms in the 1990s
by Takanobu Nakajima & Alice Nakamura & Emi Nakamura & Masao Nakamura - 273-280 A reassessment of the Feldstein-Horioka hypothesis of perfect capital mobility: evidence from historical data
by Dimitris Christopoulos
April 2007, Volume 34, Issue 2
- 89-115 Regional and Sector-specific Determinants of Industry Dynamics and the Displacement–replacement Effects
by J. Arauzo & M. Manjón & M. MartÃn & A. Segarra - 117-137 Economic integration and similarity in trade structures
by Luca Benedictis & Lucia Tajoli - 139-154 Long run and cyclical strong dependence in macroeconomic time series: Nelson and Plosser revisited
by L. Gil-Alana - 155-169 Testing for deterministic and stochastic cycles in macroeconomic time series
by Guglielmo Caporale & Luis Gil-Alana - 171-188 How do middle-aged children allocate time and money transfers to their older parents in Europe?
by Eric Bonsang
March 2007, Volume 34, Issue 1
- 1-14 Budget balances in OECD countries: what makes them change?
by Mika Tujula & Guido Wolswijk - 15-44 On the endogeneity of an exogenous OCA-criterion: specialisation and the correlation of regional business cycles in Europe
by Ansgar Belke & Jens Heine - 45-61 Testing for convergence of the Okun’s Law coefficient in Europe
by Roger Perman & Christophe Tavera - 63-88 Individual versus group behavior and the role of the decision making procedure in gift-exchange experiments
by Martin Kocher & Matthias Sutter
December 2006, Volume 33, Issue 5
- 267-284 Fiscal shocks, output dynamics and macroeconomic stability: an empirical assessment for Austria (1983–2002)
by Harald Badinger - 285-313 Social security and retirement incentives in Austria
by Helmut Hofer & Reinhard Koman - 315-328 Does the merger paradox exist even without any regulations? Evidence from Germany in the pre-1914 period
by Gerhard Kling - 329-350 Behind the black box: a survey of real-world investment appraisal approaches
by Michelle Baddeley - 351-360 The generosity of the welfare state towards the elderly
by Mathieu Lefèbvre & Pierre Pestieau
September 2006, Volume 33, Issue 4
- 181-192 Intermediate goods trade and international wage convergence in Central Europe
by Peter Egger - 193-207 Conditional correlations in the returns on oil companies stock prices and their determinants
by Massimo Giovannini & Margherita Grasso & Alessandro Lanza & Matteo Manera - 209-229 EMU and the transmission of monetary policy: evidence from business lending rates
by Boris Hofmann - 231-243 Wages and productivity: the role of labour market institutions in OECD countries
by Juan Duque & Raúl Ramos & Jordi Suriñach - 245-254 Consumption and disposable income in the EU countries: the role of wealth effects
by Christian Dreger & Hans-Eggert Reimers - 255-266 Specialization and concentration: a note on theory and evidence
by Karl Aiginger & Esteban Rossi-Hansberg
June 2006, Volume 33, Issue 2
- 61-62 Fiscal policy and public debt sustainability in the EMU
by Reinhard Neck & Robert Holzmann - 63-87 EMU fiscal indicators: a misleading compass?
by Fabrizio Balassone & Daniele Franco & Stefania Zotteri - 89-112 Policy mix and debt sustainability: evidence from fiscal policy rules
by Peter Claeys - 113-125 Are the effects of fiscal policy really nonlinear? A note
by Christophe Kamps - 127-140 Testing the sustainability of German fiscal policy: evidence for the period 1960–2003
by Alfred Greiner & Uwe Koeller & Willi Semmler - 141-154 Sustainability of Austrian public debt: a political economy perspective
by Gottfried Haber & Reinhard Neck - 155-179 The sustainability of Portuguese fiscal policy from a historical perspective
by Carlos Marinheiro