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Racial Harassment, Job Satisfaction and Intentions to Remain in the Military

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Author Info
Heather Antecol (Claremont McKenna College and IZA Bonn)
Deborah Cobb-Clark () (Australian National University and IZA Bonn)

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Abstract

Our results indicate that two-thirds of active-duty military personnel report experiencing offensive racial behaviors in the previous 12 months, while approximately one in ten report threatening racial incidents or career-related discrimination. Racial harassment significantly increases job dissatisfaction irrespective of the form of harassment considered. Furthermore, threatening racial incidents and career-related discrimination heighten intentions to leave the military, though there is no significant effect of racially offensive behavior on the intended job change of active-duty personnel. Finally, our results point to the importance of accounting for unobserved individual- and job-specific heterogeneity when assessing the consequences of racial harassment. In particular, single-equation models result in estimated effects of racial harassment on job satisfaction and intended job change that are generally understated.

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Publisher Info
Paper provided by Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in its series IZA Discussion Papers with number 1636.

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Length: 44 pages
Date of creation: Jun 2005
Date of revision:
Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp1636

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Related research
Keywords: job satisfaction; racial harassment; quits; military employment;

Other versions of this item:

Find related papers by JEL classification:
J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
J28 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Safety; Job Satisfaction; Related Public Policy

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References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
  1. Clark, Andrew E. & Oswald, Andrew J., 1996. "Satisfaction and comparison income," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 61(3), pages 359-381, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  2. Alberto Alesina & Eliana La Ferrara, 2005. "Ethnic Diversity and Economic Performance," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 43(3), pages 762-800, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  3. Heather Antecol & Deborah Cobb-clark, 2003. "Does Sexual Harassment Training Change Attitudes? A View from the Federal Level," Social Science Quarterly, The Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 84(4), pages 826-842. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. David N. Laband & Bernard F. Lentz, 1998. "The Effects of sexual harassment on job satisfaction, earnings, and turnover among female lawyers," Industrial and Labor Relations Review, ILR Review, ILR School, Cornell University, vol. 51(4), pages 594-607, July.
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    Other versions:
  6. Heather Antecol & Deborah A. Cobb-Clark, . "The Sexual Harassment of Female Active-Duty Personnel: Effects on Job Satisfaction and Intentions to Remain in the Military," Claremont Colleges Working Papers 2001-27, Claremont Colleges. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  7. Levy-Garboua, Louis & Montmarquette, Claude, 2004. "Reported job satisfaction: what does it mean?," The Journal of Socio-Economics, Elsevier, vol. 33(2), pages 135-151, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  8. Antecol, Heather & Kuhn, Peter, 2000. "Gender as an Impediment to Labor Market Success: Why Do Young Women Report Greater Harm?," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 18(4), pages 702-28, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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    Other versions:
  13. Freeman, Richard B, 1978. "Job Satisfaction as an Economic Variable," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 68(2), pages 135-41, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  14. Antecol, Heather & Cobb-Clark, Deborah A., 2004. "Identity and Racial Harassment," IZA Discussion Papers 1149, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  15. Clark, Andrew E., 2001. "What really matters in a job? Hedonic measurement using quit data," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 8(2), pages 223-242, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  16. Daniel S. Hamermesh, 2004. "Subjective Outcomes in Economics," NBER Working Papers 10361, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  17. Marianne Bertrand & Sendhil Mullainathan, 2001. "Do People Mean What They Say? Implications for Subjective Survey Data," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 91(2), pages 67-72, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  18. Shields, Michael & Ward-Warmedinger, Melanie, 2001. "Improving Nurse Retention in the National Health Service in England: The Impact of Job Satisfaction on Intentions to Quit," CEPR Discussion Papers 2806, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  19. Mary B. Hampton & John S. Heywood, 1993. "Do workers accurately perceive gender wage discrimination?," Industrial and Labor Relations Review, ILR Review, ILR School, Cornell University, vol. 47(1), pages 36-49, October.
  20. Andrew Clark & Yannis Georgellis & Peter Sanfey, . "Job Satisfaction, Wage changes and Quits: Evidence from Germany," Economics and Finance Discussion Papers 98-06, Economics and Finance Section, School of Social Sciences, Brunel University.
    Other versions:
  21. Michael A. Shields & Stephen Wheatley Price, 2002. "The Determinants of Racial Harassment at the Workplace: Evidence from the British Nursing Profession," British Journal of Industrial Relations, Blackwell Publishers Ltd/London School of Economics, vol. 40(1), pages 1-21, 03. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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    Other versions:
  23. repec:att:wimass:199127 is not listed on IDEAS
  24. Lazear, Edward P, 1999. "Globalisation and the Market for Team-Mates," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 109(454), pages C15-40, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  25. Goldsmith, Arthur H. & Sedo, Stanley & Darity, William Jr. & Hamilton, Darrick, 2004. "The labor supply consequences of perceptions of employer discrimination during search and on-the-job: Integrating neoclassical theory and cognitive dissonance," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 25(1), pages 15-39, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  28. Michael E. Gordon & Angelo S. Denisi, 1995. "A re-examination of the relationship between union membership and job satisfaction," Industrial and Labor Relations Review, ILR Review, ILR School, Cornell University, vol. 48(2), pages 222-236, January.
Full references

Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Böckerman, Petri & Ilmakunnas, Pekka, 2007. "Job disamenities, job satisfaction, quit intentions, and actual separations: putting the pieces together," MPRA Paper 3245, University Library of Munich, Germany. [Downloadable!]
  2. Antecol, Heather & Cobb-Clark, Deborah A., 2004. "Identity and Racial Harassment," IZA Discussion Papers 1149, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  3. Yamamura, Eiji, 2009. "Trial experience, satisfaction and incentive to bring another lawsuit: Does aspiration level influence winners and losers?," MPRA Paper 16149, University Library of Munich, Germany. [Downloadable!]
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This page was last updated on 2009-11-23.

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