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Optimal Software Free Trial Strategy: The Impact of Network Externalities and Consumer Uncertainty

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  1. Yunke Mai & Bin Hu, 2023. "Optimizing Free-to-Play Multiplayer Games with Premium Subscription," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 69(6), pages 3437-3456, June.
  2. Yu Wang & Minqiang Li & Haiyang Feng & Nan Feng, 2019. "Optimal sequential releasing strategy for software products in the presence of word-of-mouth and requirements uncertainty," Information Technology and Management, Springer, vol. 20(3), pages 153-174, September.
  3. Niu, Baozhuang & Yu, Xinhu & Dong, Jian, 2023. "Could AI livestream perform better than KOL in cross-border operations?," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
  4. Ert, Eyal & Raz, Ornit & Heiman, Amir, 2016. "(Poor) seeing is believing: When direct experience impairs product promotion," International Journal of Research in Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 33(4), pages 881-895.
  5. Kevin J. Boudreau & Lars Bo Jeppesen & Milan Miric, 2022. "Competing on freemium: Digital competition with network effects," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 43(7), pages 1374-1401, July.
  6. Shaheer, Noman & Chen, Liang & Yi, Jingtao & Li, Sali & Su, Huiwen, 2024. "Network effects, word of mouth, and entry performance: A study of digital freemium products," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 59(6).
  7. Marius F. Niculescu & D. J. Wu, 2014. "Economics of Free Under Perpetual Licensing: Implications for the Software Industry," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 25(1), pages 173-199, March.
  8. Jyotishka Ray & Syam Menon & Vijay Mookerjee, 2020. "Bargaining over Data: When Does Making the Buyer More Informed Help?," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 31(1), pages 1-15, March.
  9. Mao, Zhaofang & Yuan, Ruiying & Wang, Jianan, 2024. "Precision marketing for newly-launched products: How to offer free trials to consumers?," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
  10. Guofang Nan & Xingtao Li & Zan Zhang & Minqiang Li, 0. "Optimal pricing for new product entry under free strategy," Information Technology and Management, Springer, vol. 0, pages 1-19.
  11. Zhiling Guo & Jianqing Chen, 2018. "Multigeneration Product Diffusion in the Presence of Strategic Consumers," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 29(1), pages 206-224, March.
  12. Haiping Wang & Jun Lin & Lun Ran, 2023. "Time-locked free trial strategy in duopoly markets with switching costs," 4OR, Springer, vol. 21(4), pages 639-681, December.
  13. Zhijie Lin & Ying Zhang & Yong Tan, 2019. "An Empirical Study of Free Product Sampling and Rating Bias," Service Science, INFORMS, vol. 30(1), pages 260-275, March.
  14. Hao Zhang & Mingzheng Wang, 2024. "Tapping vs. Scrolling: Effects of Different Content Acquisition Modes on Content Consumption," Information Systems Frontiers, Springer, vol. 26(5), pages 1835-1855, October.
  15. Sadat Reza & Hillbun Ho & Rich Ling & Hongyan Shi, 2021. "Experience Effect in the Impact of Free Trial Promotions," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 67(3), pages 1648-1669, March.
  16. Lin Hao & Yong Tan, 2019. "Who Wants Consumers to Be Informed? Facilitating Information Disclosure in a Distribution Channel," Service Science, INFORMS, vol. 30(1), pages 34-49, March.
  17. Inyoung Chae & Jihyeon Ha & David A. Schweidel, 2023. "Paywall Suspensions and Digital News Subscriptions," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 42(4), pages 729-745, July.
  18. Li, Jingyan & Wu, Jie & Zhang, Juzhi & Ji, Xiang, 2024. "Freemium design: Optimal tier differentiation models for content platforms," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
  19. Hema Yoganarasimhan & Ebrahim Barzegary & Abhishek Pani, 2020. "Design and Evaluation of Personalized Free Trials," Papers 2006.13420, arXiv.org.
  20. Jingtao Yi & Jinqiu He & Lihong Yang, 2019. "Platform heterogeneity, platform governance and complementors’ product performance: an empirical study of the mobile application industry," Frontiers of Business Research in China, Springer, vol. 13(1), pages 1-20, December.
  21. Zibo Liu & Zhijie Lin & Ying Zhang & Yong Tan, 2022. "The Signaling Effect of Sampling Size in Physical Goods Sampling Via Online Channels," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 31(2), pages 529-546, February.
  22. Atanu Lahiri & Debabrata Dey, 2018. "Versioning and Information Dissemination: A New Perspective," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 29(4), pages 965-983, December.
  23. Joost Rietveld & Joe N. Ploog, 2022. "On top of the game? The double‐edged sword of incorporating social features into freemium products," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 43(6), pages 1182-1207, June.
  24. Zheyin (Jane) Gu & Xinxin Li, 2023. "Social Sharing, Public Perception, and Brand Competition in a Horizontally Differentiated Market," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 34(2), pages 553-569, June.
  25. Niu, Baozhuang & Yu, Xinhu & Li, Qiyang & Wang, Yulan, 2023. "Gains and Losses of Key Opinion Leaders’ Product Promotion in Livestream E-commerce," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).
  26. Niu, Baozhuang & Yue, Haoran & Luo, Huajiang & Shang, Weixin, 2019. "Pricing for newly-launched experience products: Free trial or not?," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 149-176.
  27. Jingchuan Pu & Young Kwark & Sang Pil Han & Qiang Ye & Bin Gu, 2024. "Uncertainty Reduction vs. Reciprocity: Understanding the Effect of a Platform-Initiated Reviewer Incentive Program on Regular Ratings," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 35(3), pages 1363-1381, September.
  28. Zan Zhang & Guofang Nan & Minqiang Li & Yong Tan, 2022. "Competitive Entry of Information Goods Under Quality Uncertainty," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 68(4), pages 2869-2888, April.
  29. Zhu, Xingzhen & Li, Li & Li, Jing, 2025. "To offer or not to offer? Bullet screen strategies for competing video platforms with vertical differentiation," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
  30. Shengli Li & Qiuyue Luo & Liangfei Qiu & Subhajyoti Bandyopadhyay, 2020. "Optimal Pricing Model of Digital Music: Subscription, Ownership or Mixed?," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 29(3), pages 688-704, March.
  31. Wu, Cheng-Han & Chamnisampan, Netnapha & Sin, Liou, 2025. "Freemium vs. Deterrence: Optimizing revenue in the face of piracy competition," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 194(C).
  32. Guofang Nan & Xingtao Li & Zan Zhang & Minqiang Li, 2018. "Optimal pricing for new product entry under free strategy," Information Technology and Management, Springer, vol. 19(1), pages 1-19, March.
  33. Zhiyi Wang & Lusi Yang & Jungpil Hahn, 2023. "Winner Takes All? The Blockbuster Effect on Crowdfunding Platforms," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 34(3), pages 935-960, September.
  34. Marius F. Niculescu & D. J. Wu & Lizhen Xu, 2018. "Strategic Intellectual Property Sharing: Competition on an Open Technology Platform Under Network Effects," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 29(2), pages 498-519, June.
  35. Hema Yoganarasimhan & Ebrahim Barzegary & Abhishek Pani, 2023. "Design and Evaluation of Optimal Free Trials," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 69(6), pages 3220-3240, June.
  36. Yang, Xue & Liu, Na & Teo, Hock Hai, 2017. "How do users cope with trial restrictions? A field experiment on free trial software," International Journal of Information Management, Elsevier, vol. 37(4), pages 339-349.
  37. Wenyi Wang & Qiang Guo, 2023. "Subscription strategy choices of network video platforms in the presence of social influence," Electronic Commerce Research, Springer, vol. 23(1), pages 577-604, March.
  38. Yi, Zelong & Li, Fan & Ma, Lijun, 2019. "The impact of distribution channels on trial-version provision with a positive network effect," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 115-133.
  39. Mao, Zhaofang & Du, Zelin & Yuan, Ruiying & Miao, Qiqi, 2022. "Short-term or long-term cooperation between retailer and MCN? New launched products sales strategies in live streaming e-commerce," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
  40. Yanqing Han & Zongming Zhang, 2018. "Impact of free sampling on product diffusion based on Bass model," Electronic Commerce Research, Springer, vol. 18(1), pages 125-141, March.
  41. Wu, Lingli & Deng, Shiming & Jiang, Xuan, 2018. "Sampling and pricing strategy under competition," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 192-208.
  42. Kang Li & Jingwei Zhang & Lunchuan Zhang, 2021. "Optimal Software Feature-Limited Freemium Model Design: A New Consumer Learning Theoretical Framework," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(9), pages 1-24, April.
  43. Yonghong Sun, 2025. "Versioning strategies for online dating platforms," Electronic Commerce Research, Springer, vol. 25(4), pages 2525-2551, August.
  44. Sun, Yanhong & Wang, Zihan & Han, Xiaohua, 2020. "Supply chain channel strategies for online retailers: Whether to introduce web showrooms?," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
  45. Naixin Zhu, 2023. "Dissertation on Applied Microeconomics of Freemium Pricing Strategies in Mobile App Market," Papers 2305.09479, arXiv.org.
  46. Gérard P. Cachon, 2020. "A Research Framework for Business Models: What Is Common Among Fast Fashion, E-Tailing, and Ride Sharing?," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 66(3), pages 1172-1192, March.
  47. Jalili, Monire & Çil, Eren B. & Pangburn, Michael S., 2024. "Pricing and structuring product trials: Separate versus mixed wine tastings," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 312(2), pages 668-683.
  48. Angela Aerry Choi & Daegon Cho & Dobin Yim & Jae Yun Moon & Wonseok Oh, 2019. "When Seeing Helps Believing: The Interactive Effects of Previews and Reviews on E-Book Purchases," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 30(4), pages 1164-1183, December.
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