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Financial valuation of guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits

Citations

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Cited by:

  1. Feng, Runhuan & Jing, Xiaochen, 2017. "Analytical valuation and hedging of variable annuity guaranteed lifetime withdrawal benefits," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 36-48.
  2. Parsiad Azimzadeh & Peter A. Forsyth, 2015. "Weakly chained matrices, policy iteration, and impulse control," Papers 1510.03928, arXiv.org, revised Sep 2017.
  3. Horneff, Vanya & Maurer, Raimond & Mitchell, Olivia S. & Rogalla, Ralph, 2015. "Optimal life cycle portfolio choice with variable annuities offering liquidity and investment downside protection," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 91-107.
  4. Charles Guy Njike Leunga & Donatien Hainaut, 2022. "Valuation of Annuity Guarantees Under a Self-Exciting Switching Jump Model," Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability, Springer, vol. 24(2), pages 963-990, June.
  5. Feng, Runhuan & Huang, Huaxiong, 2016. "Statutory financial reporting for variable annuity guaranteed death benefits: Market practice, mathematical modeling and computation," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 54-64.
  6. David Landriault & Bin Li & Dongchen Li & Yumin Wang, 2021. "High‐water mark fee structure in variable annuities," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 88(4), pages 1057-1094, December.
  7. Jin Sun & Pavel V. Shevchenko & Man Chung Fung, 2017. "A note on the impact of management fees on the pricing of variable annuity guarantees," Papers 1705.03787, arXiv.org, revised May 2017.
  8. Chen, Ze & Feng, Runhuan & Li, Hong & Yang, Tianyu, 2024. "Coping with longevity via hedging: Fair dynamic valuation of variable annuities," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 154-169.
  9. Duy-Minh Dang & P. A. Forsyth & K. R. Vetzal, 2017. "The 4% strategy revisited: a pre-commitment mean-variance optimal approach to wealth management," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(3), pages 335-351, March.
  10. Christian Knoller & Gunther Kraut & Pascal Schoenmaekers, 2016. "On the Propensity to Surrender a Variable Annuity Contract: An Empirical Analysis of Dynamic Policyholder Behavior," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 83(4), pages 979-1006, December.
  11. Xiaolin Luo & Pavel V. Shevchenko, 2014. "Valuation of Variable Annuities with Guaranteed Minimum Withdrawal and Death Benefits via Stochastic Control Optimization," Papers 1411.5453, arXiv.org, revised Apr 2015.
  12. Christophette Blanchet-Scalliet & Etienne Chevalier & Idris Kharroubi & Thomas Lim, 2015. "Max–Min Optimization Problem For Variable Annuities Pricing," International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance (IJTAF), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 18(08), pages 1-35, December.
  13. Ng, Andrew Cheuk-Yin & Li, Johnny Siu-Hang, 2011. "Valuing variable annuity guarantees with the multivariate Esscher transform," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(3), pages 393-400.
  14. Xiaolin Luo & Pavel V. Shevchenko, 2015. "Valuation of capital protection options," Papers 1508.00668, arXiv.org, revised May 2017.
  15. Luo, Xiaolin & Shevchenko, Pavel V., 2015. "Valuation of variable annuities with guaranteed minimum withdrawal and death benefits via stochastic control optimization," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 5-15.
  16. Dai, Tian-Shyr & Yang, Sharon S. & Liu, Liang-Chih, 2015. "Pricing guaranteed minimum/lifetime withdrawal benefits with various provisions under investment, interest rate and mortality risks," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 364-379.
  17. Ignatieva, Katja & Song, Andrew & Ziveyi, Jonathan, 2016. "Pricing and hedging of guaranteed minimum benefits under regime-switching and stochastic mortality," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 286-300.
  18. Jennifer Alonso-Garcia & Len Patrick Dominic M. Garces & Jonathan Ziveyi, 2025. "Variable annuities: A closer look at ratchet guarantees, hybrid contract designs, and taxation," Papers 2507.07358, arXiv.org.
  19. Fung, Man Chung & Ignatieva, Katja & Sherris, Michael, 2014. "Systematic mortality risk: An analysis of guaranteed lifetime withdrawal benefits in variable annuities," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 103-115.
  20. Xiaolin Luo & Pavel Shevchenko, 2014. "Fast Numerical Method for Pricing of Variable Annuities with Guaranteed Minimum Withdrawal Benefit under Optimal Withdrawal Strategy," Papers 1410.8609, arXiv.org.
  21. Pavel V. Shevchenko & Xiaolin Luo, 2016. "A Unified Pricing of Variable Annuity Guarantees under the Optimal Stochastic Control Framework," Risks, MDPI, vol. 4(3), pages 1-31, July.
  22. Min Dai & Yue Kuen Kwok & Jianping Zong, 2008. "Guaranteed Minimum Withdrawal Benefit In Variable Annuities," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 18(4), pages 595-611, October.
  23. Martin Eling & Michael Kochanski, 2013. "Research on lapse in life insurance: what has been done and what needs to be done?," Journal of Risk Finance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 14(4), pages 392-413, August.
  24. Wang, Gu & Zou, Bin, 2021. "Optimal fee structure of variable annuities," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 101(PB), pages 587-601.
  25. Shevchenko, Pavel V. & Luo, Xiaolin, 2017. "Valuation of variable annuities with Guaranteed Minimum Withdrawal Benefit under stochastic interest rate," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 104-117.
  26. Ludovic Goudenege & Andrea Molent & Antonino Zanette, 2019. "Pricing and hedging GMWB in the Heston and in the Black–Scholes with stochastic interest rate models," Computational Management Science, Springer, vol. 16(1), pages 217-248, February.
  27. Thorsten Moenig, 2021. "Efficient valuation of variable annuity portfolios with dynamic programming," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 88(4), pages 1023-1055, December.
  28. Feng, Runhuan & Yi, Bingji, 2019. "Quantitative modeling of risk management strategies: Stochastic reserving and hedging of variable annuity guaranteed benefits," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 60-73.
  29. Bacinello, Anna Rita & Maggistro, Rosario & Zoccolan, Ivan, 2024. "Risk-neutral valuation of GLWB riders in variable annuities," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 1-14.
  30. Pavel V. Shevchenko & Xiaolin Luo, 2016. "A unified pricing of variable annuity guarantees under the optimal stochastic control framework," Papers 1605.00339, arXiv.org.
  31. Fan, Kun & Shen, Yang & Siu, Tak Kuen & Wang, Rongming, 2015. "Pricing annuity guarantees under a double regime-switching model," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 62-78.
  32. Lukasz Delong, 2010. "Applications of time-delayed backward stochastic differential equations to pricing, hedging and portfolio management," Papers 1005.4417, arXiv.org, revised Jan 2011.
  33. Surya, Budhi Arta & Syaifudin, Wawan Hafid, 2025. "Optimal valuation of variable annuity guaranteed lifetime withdrawal benefits with embedded top-up option," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
  34. Hyndman, Cody B. & Wenger, Menachem, 2014. "Valuation perspectives and decompositions for variable annuities with GMWB riders," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 283-290.
  35. Riley Jones & Adriana Ocejo, 2019. "Assessing Guaranteed Minimum Income Benefits and Rationality of Exercising Reset Options in Variable," Papers 1911.06123, arXiv.org.
  36. Milevsky, Moshe A. & Salisbury, Thomas S., 2022. "Refundable income annuities: Feasibility of money-back guarantees," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 175-193.
  37. Marco Di Francesco & Roberta Simonella, 2023. "A stochastic Asset Liability Management model for life insurance companies," Financial Markets and Portfolio Management, Springer;Swiss Society for Financial Market Research, vol. 37(1), pages 61-94, March.
  38. Eckhard Platen, 2009. "Real World Pricing of Long Term Contracts," Research Paper Series 262, Quantitative Finance Research Centre, University of Technology, Sydney.
  39. D'Amico, Guglielmo & Singh, Shakti & Selvamuthu, Dharmaraja, 2024. "Optimal investment-disinvestment choices in health-dependent variable annuity," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 1-15.
  40. Liang, Xiaoqing & Tsai, Cary Chi-Liang & Lu, Yi, 2016. "Valuing guaranteed equity-linked contracts under piecewise constant forces of mortality," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 150-161.
  41. Huang, Yao Tung & Kwok, Yue Kuen, 2014. "Analysis of optimal dynamic withdrawal policies in withdrawal guarantee products," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 19-43.
  42. Antonio L. Martire & Emilio Russo & Alessandro Staino, 2023. "Surrender and path-dependent guarantees in variable annuities: integral equation solutions and benchmark methods," Decisions in Economics and Finance, Springer;Associazione per la Matematica, vol. 46(1), pages 177-220, June.
  43. Kudryavtsev, Oleg & Wei, Xiao, 2025. "Numerical methods for computing risk measures of variable annuities under exponential Lévy models," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
  44. Mrad, Fatma & Hamdi, Haykel & Naoui, Kamel & Abid, Ilyes, 2023. "The GMWB guarantee embedded in Life Insurance Contracts: Fair Value Pricing Problem," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
  45. Jingjiang Peng & Kwai Sun Leung & Yue Kuen Kwok, 2012. "Pricing guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits under stochastic interest rates," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 12(6), pages 933-941, October.
  46. Jin Sun & Pavel V. Shevchenko & Man Chung Fung, 2018. "The Impact of Management Fees on the Pricing of Variable Annuity Guarantees," Risks, MDPI, vol. 6(3), pages 1-20, September.
  47. Gan, Guojun, 2013. "Application of data clustering and machine learning in variable annuity valuation," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 53(3), pages 795-801.
  48. van Bilsen, Servaas & Linders, Daniël, 2019. "Affordable and adequate annuities with stable payouts: Fantasy or reality?," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 19-42.
  49. Claudio Fontana & Francesco Rotondi, 2022. "Valuation of general GMWB annuities in a low interest rate environment," Papers 2208.10183, arXiv.org, revised Aug 2023.
  50. Runhuan Feng & Jan Vecer, 2017. "Risk based capital for guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefit," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(3), pages 471-478, March.
  51. Magdalena Homa, 2022. "The Impact of MT Strategies on Risk and Value Distribution of Unit-linked Insurance Portfolio," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(3), pages 607-619.
  52. Yichen Han & Lianxia Wu & Dongchen Li & Jiaqi Han, 2024. "Guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits with high-water mark fee structure," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 19(5), pages 1-17, May.
  53. Hainaut, Donatien, 2016. "Impact of volatility clustering on equity indexed annuities," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 367-381.
  54. Huang, Yiming & Mamon, Rogemar & Xiong, Heng, 2022. "Valuing guaranteed minimum accumulation benefits by a change of numéraire approach," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 1-26.
  55. Imad Chahboun & Nathaniel Hoover, 2019. "Variable Annuities: Underlying Risks and Sensitivities," Supervisory Research and Analysis Working Papers RPA 19-1, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
  56. Yaowen Lu & Duy-Minh Dang, 2023. "A semi-Lagrangian $\epsilon$-monotone Fourier method for continuous withdrawal GMWBs under jump-diffusion with stochastic interest rate," Papers 2310.00606, arXiv.org.
  57. Yang, Sharon S. & Dai, Tian-Shyr, 2013. "A flexible tree for evaluating guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits under deferred life annuity contracts with various provisions," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(2), pages 231-242.
  58. Yao Tung Huang & Yue Kuen Kwok, 2016. "Regression-based Monte Carlo methods for stochastic control models: variable annuities with lifelong guarantees," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(6), pages 905-928, June.
  59. Huang, H. & Milevsky, M.A. & Salisbury, T.S., 2014. "Optimal initiation of a GLWB in a variable annuity: No Arbitrage approach," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 102-111.
  60. Shen, Yang & Sherris, Michael & Ziveyi, Jonathan, 2016. "Valuation of guaranteed minimum maturity benefits in variable annuities with surrender options," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 127-137.
  61. Michael A. Kouritzin & Anne MacKay, 2017. "VIX-linked fees for GMWBs via Explicit Solution Simulation Methods," Papers 1708.06886, arXiv.org, revised Apr 2018.
  62. Dong, Bing & Xu, Wei & Sevic, Aleksandar & Sevic, Zeljko, 2020. "Efficient willow tree method for variable annuities valuation and risk management☆," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
  63. Yijia Lin & Tianxiang Shi & Ayşe Arik, 2017. "Pricing Buy‐Ins and Buy‐Outs," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 84(S1), pages 367-392, April.
  64. Hejazi, Seyed Amir & Jackson, Kenneth R., 2016. "A neural network approach to efficient valuation of large portfolios of variable annuities," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 169-181.
  65. Kouritzin, Michael A. & MacKay, Anne, 2018. "VIX-linked fees for GMWBs via explicit solution simulation methods," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 1-17.
  66. Ralph S.J. Koijen & Motohiro Yogo, 2022. "The Fragility of Market Risk Insurance," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 77(2), pages 815-862, April.
  67. Heng Xiong & Jie Xu & Rogemar Mamon & Yixing Zhao, 2025. "ResPoNet: A Residual Neural Network for Efficient Valuation of Large Variable Annuity Portfolios," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-22, June.
  68. Pavel V. Shevchenko & Xiaolin Luo, 2016. "Valuation of Variable Annuities with Guaranteed Minimum Withdrawal Benefit under Stochastic Interest Rate," Papers 1602.03238, arXiv.org, revised Jan 2017.
  69. Gan, Guojun & Lin, X. Sheldon, 2015. "Valuation of large variable annuity portfolios under nested simulation: A functional data approach," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 138-150.
  70. Marcos Escobar & Mikhail Krayzler & Franz Ramsauer & David Saunders & Rudi Zagst, 2016. "Incorporation of Stochastic Policyholder Behavior in Analytical Pricing of GMABs and GMDBs," Risks, MDPI, vol. 4(4), pages 1-36, November.
  71. Hsieh, Ming-hua & Wang, Jennifer L. & Chiu, Yu-Fen & Chen, Yen-Chih, 2018. "Valuation of variable long-term care Annuities with Guaranteed Lifetime Withdrawal Benefits: A variance reduction approach," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 246-254.
  72. Ludovic Gouden`ege & Andrea Molent & Antonino Zanette, 2016. "Pricing and Hedging GMWB in the Heston and in the Black-Scholes with Stochastic Interest Rate Models," Papers 1602.09078, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2016.
  73. Feng, Runhuan & Jing, Xiaochen & Ng, Kenneth Tsz Hin, 2025. "Optimal investment-withdrawal strategy for variable annuities under a performance fee structure," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
  74. Chen, Z. & Vetzal, K. & Forsyth, P.A., 2008. "The effect of modelling parameters on the value of GMWB guarantees," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 43(1), pages 165-173, August.
  75. Daniel Doyle & Chris Groendyke, 2018. "Using Neural Networks to Price and Hedge Variable Annuity Guarantees," Risks, MDPI, vol. 7(1), pages 1-19, December.
  76. Bacinello, Anna Rita & Millossovich, Pietro & Olivieri, Annamaria & Pitacco, Ermanno, 2011. "Variable annuities: A unifying valuation approach," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(3), pages 285-297.
  77. Xiaolin Luo & Pavel Shevchenko, 2015. "Variable Annuity with GMWB: surrender or not, that is the question," Papers 1507.08738, arXiv.org.
  78. Daniel Bauer & Thorsten Moenig, 2023. "Cheaper by the bundle: The interaction of frictions and option exercise in variable annuities," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 90(2), pages 459-486, June.
  79. Wing Fung Chong & Haoen Cui & Yuxuan Li, 2021. "Pseudo-Model-Free Hedging for Variable Annuities via Deep Reinforcement Learning," Papers 2107.03340, arXiv.org, revised Oct 2022.
  80. Cody B. Hyndman & Menachem Wenger, 2014. "GMWB Riders in a Binomial Framework - Pricing, Hedging, and Diversification of Mortality Risk," Papers 1410.7453, arXiv.org, revised Jul 2016.
  81. Shen, Yang & Sherris, Michael & Wang, Yawei & Ziveyi, Jonathan, 2025. "Innovative combo product design embedding variable annuity and long-term care insurance contracts," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 79-99.
  82. Maciej Augustyniak & Mathieu Boudreault, 2017. "Mitigating Interest Rate Risk in Variable Annuities: An Analysis of Hedging Effectiveness under Model Risk," North American Actuarial Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(4), pages 502-525, October.
  83. Huansang Xu & Ruyi Liu & Marek Rutkowski, 2023. "Equity Protection Swaps: A New Type of Investment Insurance for Holders of Superannuation Accounts," Papers 2305.09472, arXiv.org, revised Apr 2024.
  84. Bernard, Carole & Kwak, Minsuk, 2016. "Semi-static hedging of variable annuities," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 173-186.
  85. German Nova Orozco & Duy-Minh Dang & Peter A. Forsyth, 2026. "Money-Back Tontines for Retirement Decumulation: Neural-Network Optimization under Systematic Longevity Risk," Papers 2602.16212, arXiv.org.
  86. Forsyth, Peter & Vetzal, Kenneth, 2014. "An optimal stochastic control framework for determining the cost of hedging of variable annuities," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 29-53.
  87. Parsiad Azimzadeh & Peter A. Forsyth, 2015. "The existence of optimal bang-bang controls for GMxB contracts," Papers 1502.05743, arXiv.org, revised Nov 2015.
  88. Goudenège, Ludovic & Molent, Andrea & Zanette, Antonino, 2016. "Pricing and hedging GLWB in the Heston and in the Black–Scholes with stochastic interest rate models," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 38-57.
  89. Fontana, Claudio & Rotondi, Francesco, 2023. "Valuation of general GMWB annuities in a low interest rate environment," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 142-167.
  90. Paolo Angelis & Roberto Marchis & Antonio L. Martire & Emilio Russo, 2022. "A flexible lattice framework for valuing options on assets paying discrete dividends and variable annuities embedding GMWB riders," Decisions in Economics and Finance, Springer;Associazione per la Matematica, vol. 45(1), pages 415-446, June.
  91. Moenig, Thorsten, 2021. "Variable annuities: Market incompleteness and policyholder behavior," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 63-78.
  92. Anne MacKay & Adriana Ocejo, 2022. "Portfolio Optimization With a Guaranteed Minimum Maturity Benefit and Risk-Adjusted Fees," Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability, Springer, vol. 24(2), pages 1021-1049, June.
  93. Chueh-Yung Tsao & Chao-Ching Liu, 2012. "Asian Options with Credit Risks: Pricing and Sensitivity Analysis," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(S3), pages 96-115, September.
  94. Ludovic Goudenege & Andrea Molent & Antonino Zanette, 2015. "Pricing and Hedging GLWB in the Heston and in the Black-Scholes with Stochastic Interest Rate Models," Papers 1509.02686, arXiv.org.
  95. Andrea Consiglio & Domenico De Giovanni, 2010. "Pricing the Option to Surrender in Incomplete Markets," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 77(4), pages 935-957, December.
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