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Urban heat island impacts on building energy consumption: A review of approaches and findings

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  1. Francisco Estrada & Veronica Lupi & W. J. Wouter Botzen & Richard S. J. Tol, 2025. "Urban and non-urban contributions to the social cost of carbon," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-11, December.
  2. Myungjin Kim & Li Wang & Yuyu Zhou, 2021. "Spatially Varying Coefficient Models with Sign Preservation of the Coefficient Functions," Journal of Agricultural, Biological and Environmental Statistics, Springer;The International Biometric Society;American Statistical Association, vol. 26(3), pages 367-386, September.
  3. Pigliautile, I. & Pisello, A.L. & Bou-Zeid, E., 2020. "Humans in the city: Representing outdoor thermal comfort in urban canopy models," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
  4. Georgia Spyrou & Byron Ioannou & Manolis Souliotis & Andreas L. Savvides & Paris A. Fokaides, 2023. "The Adaptability of Cities to Climate Change: Evidence from Cities’ Redesign towards Mitigating the UHI Effect," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-21, April.
  5. Tian, Xiaoyu & Zhang, Hanwen & Liu, Lin & Huang, Jiahao & Liu, Liru & Liu, Jing, 2024. "Establishment of LCZ-based urban building energy consumption dataset in hot and humid subtropical regions through a bottom-up method," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 368(C).
  6. Kit Benjamin & Zhiwen Luo & Xiaoxue Wang, 2021. "Crowdsourcing Urban Air Temperature Data for Estimating Urban Heat Island and Building Heating/Cooling Load in London," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-26, August.
  7. Gabriele Battista & Emanuele de Lieto Vollaro & Luca Evangelisti & Roberto de Lieto Vollaro, 2022. "Urban Overheating Mitigation Strategies Opportunities: A Case Study of a Square in Rome (Italy)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-18, December.
  8. Wang, Xiaolu & Tan, Yumin & Zhou, Guanhua & Jing, Guifei & John Francis, Emolu, 2024. "A framework for analyzing energy consumption in urban built-up areas based on single photonic radar and spatial big data," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 290(C).
  9. Mehmet Cetin & Mehtap Ozenen Kavlak & Muzeyyen Anil Senyel Kurkcuoglu & Gulsah Bilge Ozturk & Saye Nihan Cabuk & Alper Cabuk, 2024. "Determination of land surface temperature and urban heat island effects with remote sensing capabilities: the case of Kayseri, Türkiye," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 120(6), pages 5509-5536, April.
  10. Cihan Turhan & Ali Serdar Atalay & Gulden Gokcen Akkurt, 2023. "An Integrated Decision-Making Framework for Mitigating the Impact of Urban Heat Islands on Energy Consumption and Thermal Comfort of Residential Buildings," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-23, June.
  11. Gao, Datong & Zhao, Bin & Kwan, Trevor Hocksun & Hao, Yong & Pei, Gang, 2022. "The spatial and temporal mismatch phenomenon in solar space heating applications: status and solutions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 321(C).
  12. Battista, Gabriele & de Lieto Vollaro, Emanuele & Ocłoń, Paweł & Vallati, Andrea, 2021. "Effect of mutual radiative exchange between the surfaces of a street canyon on the building thermal energy demand," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
  13. Luis Godoy-Vaca & E. Catalina Vallejo-Coral & Javier Martínez-Gómez & Marco Orozco & Geovanna Villacreses, 2021. "Predicted Medium Vote Thermal Comfort Analysis Applying Energy Simulations with Phase Change Materials for Very Hot-Humid Climates in Social Housing in Ecuador," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-31, January.
  14. Donghe Li & Xin Hu & John Rollo & Mark Luther & Min Lu & Chunlu Liu, 2025. "Spatial Cluster Characteristics of Land Surface Temperatures," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-24, March.
  15. Zhikun Ding & Rongsheng Liu & Zongjie Li & Cheng Fan, 2020. "A Thematic Network-Based Methodology for the Research Trend Identification in Building Energy Management," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-33, September.
  16. Mustapha, Rasha & Zoughaib, Assaad & Ghaddar, Nesreen & Ghali, Kamel, 2020. "Modified upright cup method for testing water vapor permeability in porous membranes," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C).
  17. Long Pei & Patrick Schalbart & Bruno Peuportier, 2023. "Quantitative Evaluation of the Effects of Heat Island on Building Energy Simulation: A Case Study in Wuhan, China," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-23, March.
  18. Jia, Qi & Zhu, Yian & Zhang, Tiantian & Li, Shuling & Han, Dongliang & Feng, Qi & Tan, Yufei & Li, Baochang, 2024. "Urban microclimate differences in continental zone of China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
  19. Deng, Ji-Yu & Wong, Nyuk Hien & Zheng, Xin, 2021. "Effects of street geometries on building cooling demand in Nanjing, China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
  20. Zhang, Yan & Teoh, Bak Koon & Zhang, Limao, 2024. "Multi-objective optimization for energy-efficient building design considering urban heat island effects," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 376(PA).
  21. Michael Strobel & Uli Jakob & Wolfgang Streicher & Daniel Neyer, 2023. "Spatial Distribution of Future Demand for Space Cooling Applications and Potential of Solar Thermal Cooling Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-32, June.
  22. Baniassadi, Amir & Heusinger, Jannik & Gonzalez, Pablo Izaga & Weber, Stephan & Samuelson, Holly W., 2022. "Co-benefits of energy efficiency in residential buildings," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PB).
  23. Rakin Abrar & Showmitra Kumar Sarkar & Kashfia Tasnim Nishtha & Swapan Talukdar & Shahfahad & Atiqur Rahman & Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam & Amir Mosavi, 2022. "Assessing the Spatial Mapping of Heat Vulnerability under Urban Heat Island (UHI) Effect in the Dhaka Metropolitan Area," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-24, April.
  24. Ghosh, Sampad & Harish, Sivasankaran & Ohtaki, Michitaka & Saha, Bidyut Baran, 2020. "Enhanced figure of merit of cement composites with graphene and ZnO nanoinclusions for efficient energy harvesting in buildings," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C).
  25. Tehrani, Alireza Attarhay & Sobhaninia, Saeideh & Nikookar, Niloofar & Levinson, Ronnen & Sailor, David J. & Amaripadath, Deepak, 2025. "Data-driven approach to estimate urban heat island impacts on building energy consumption," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 316(C).
  26. Mingjun Sun & Xinyi Zhao & Yun Wang & Zeqi Ren & Xin Fu, 2023. "Factors Affecting the High-Intensity Cooling Distance of Urban Green Spaces: A Case Study of Xi’an, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-13, April.
  27. Yi Bao & Zhou Huang & Han Wang & Ganmin Yin & Xiao Zhou & Yong Gao, 2023. "High‐resolution quantification of building stock using multi‐source remote sensing imagery and deep learning," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 27(1), pages 350-361, February.
  28. Ying Wang & Yin Ren & Xiaoman Zheng & Zhifeng Wu, 2024. "The Impact of Building and Green Space Combination on Urban Thermal Environment Based on Three-Dimensional Landscape Index," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-21, December.
  29. Zhang, Chaobo & Li, Junyang & Zhao, Yang & Li, Tingting & Chen, Qi & Zhang, Xuejun & Qiu, Weikang, 2021. "Problem of data imbalance in building energy load prediction: Concept, influence, and solution," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 297(C).
  30. Liu Tian & Yongcai Li & Jun Lu & Jue Wang, 2021. "Review on Urban Heat Island in China: Methods, Its Impact on Buildings Energy Demand and Mitigation Strategies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-31, January.
  31. Dong, Xianzhou & Luo, Yongqiang & Yuan, Shuo & Tian, Zhiyong & Zhang, Limao & Wu, Xiaoying & Liu, Baobing, 2025. "Building electricity load forecasting based on spatiotemporal correlation and electricity consumption behavior information," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 377(PB).
  32. Farzad Hashemi & Parisa Najafian & Negar Salahi & Sedigheh Ghiasi & Ulrike Passe, 2025. "The Impact of the Urban Heat Island and Future Climate on Urban Building Energy Use in a Midwestern U.S. Neighborhood," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-28, March.
  33. Roufaida Benbrahim & Leila Sriti & Soumaya Besbas & Francesco Nocera & Andrea Longhitano, 2025. "Assessing the Impact of Urban Area Size on Thermal Comfort in Compact Urban Fabrics Considering the Saharan City of Ghardaïa, Algeria," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-31, March.
  34. Sezer, Nurettin & Yoonus, Hamad & Zhan, Dongxue & Wang, Liangzhu (Leon) & Hassan, Ibrahim Galal & Rahman, Mohammad Azizur, 2023. "Urban microclimate and building energy models: A review of the latest progress in coupling strategies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 184(C).
  35. Adilkhanova, Indira & Ngarambe, Jack & Yun, Geun Young, 2022. "Recent advances in black box and white-box models for urban heat island prediction: Implications of fusing the two methods," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
  36. Néstor García-Chan & Juan A. Licea-Salazar & Luis G. Gutierrez-Ibarra, 2023. "Urban Heat Island Dynamics in an Urban–Rural Domain with Variable Porosity: Numerical Methodology and Simulation," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-18, February.
  37. Moein Atri & Sahar Nedae-Tousi & Sina Shahab & Ebrahim Solgi, 2021. "The Effects of Thermal-Spatial Behaviours of Land Covers on Urban Heat Islands in Semi-Arid Climates," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-23, December.
  38. Nawhath Thanvisitthpon, 2023. "Statistically Validated Urban Heat Island Risk Indicators for UHI Susceptibility Assessment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-21, January.
  39. Yaoyun Zhang & Ge Shi & Ziying Feng & Entao Zheng & Chuang Chen & Xinyu Li & Difan Yu & Yunpeng Zhang, 2025. "Study on the Relationship Between 3D Landscape Patterns and Residents’ Comfort in Urban Multi-Unit High-Rise Residential Areas: A Case Study of High-Density Inland City," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-32, May.
  40. Jiao Xue & Ruoyu You & Wei Liu & Chun Chen & Dayi Lai, 2020. "Applications of Local Climate Zone Classification Scheme to Improve Urban Sustainability: A Bibliometric Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-14, September.
  41. Wongchai Anupong & Iskandar Muda & Sabah Auda AbdulAmeer & Ibrahim H. Al-Kharsan & Aníbal Alviz-Meza & Yulineth Cárdenas-Escrocia, 2023. "Energy Consumption and Carbon Dioxide Production Optimization in an Educational Building Using the Supported Vector Machine and Ant Colony System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-14, February.
  42. Lin Wang & Tian Chen & Yang Yu & Liuying Wang & Huiyi Zang & Yun Cang & Ya’ou Zhang & Xiaowen Ma, 2024. "Impacts of Vegetation Ratio, Street Orientation, and Aspect Ratio on Thermal Comfort and Building Carbon Emissions in Cold Zones: A Case Study of Tianjin," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-22, August.
  43. Xie, Xiaoxiong & Sahin, Ozge & Luo, Zhiwen & Yao, Runming, 2020. "Impact of neighbourhood-scale climate characteristics on building heating demand and night ventilation cooling potential," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 943-956.
  44. Chien-Chiao Chao & Kuo-An Hung & Szu-Yuan Chen & Feng-Yi Lin & Tzu-Ping Lin, 2021. "Application of a High-Density Temperature Measurement System for the Management of the Kaohsiung House Project," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-16, January.
  45. Yang, Xiaoshan & Yao, Lingye & Peng, Lilliana L.H., 2024. "Impacts of urban air temperature and humidity on building cooling and heating energy demand in 15 cities of eastern China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
  46. Stelian Dimitrov & Martin Iliev & Bilyana Borisova & Lidiya Semerdzhieva & Stefan Petrov, 2024. "UAS-Based Thermal Photogrammetry for Microscale Surface Urban Heat Island Intensity Assessment in Support of Sustainable Urban Development (A Case Study of Lyulin Housing Complex, Sofia City, Bulgaria," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-18, February.
  47. Liang, Jing & Qiu, Jiehong & Wang, Xiangrui & Wu, Jikai & Yang, Sansi & Zhou, You, 2024. "Examining energy inequality: The impact of household wealth on heterogeneous response to temperatures," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).
  48. Alireza Karimi & Pir Mohammad & Antonio García-Martínez & David Moreno-Rangel & Darya Gachkar & Sadaf Gachkar, 2023. "New developments and future challenges in reducing and controlling heat island effect in urban areas," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(10), pages 10485-10531, October.
  49. Julia Kurek & Justyna Martyniuk-Pęczek, 2021. "Exploring DAD and ADD Methods for Dealing with Urban Heat Island Effect," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-14, August.
  50. Yuanfan Zheng & Liang Chen & Haipeng Zhao, 2024. "Assessing Building Energy Savings and the Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Potential of Green Roofs in Shanghai Using a GIS-Based Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-23, September.
  51. Pennell, Grace & Newman, Sarah & Tarekegne, Bethel & Boff, Daniel & Fowler, Richard & Gonzalez, Juan, 2022. "A comparison of building system parameters between affordable and market-rate housing in New York City," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 323(C).
  52. Nada Zine Laabidine & Badre Bossoufi & Ismail El Kafazi & Chakib El Bekkali & Najib El Ouanjli, 2023. "Robust Adaptive Super Twisting Algorithm Sliding Mode Control of a Wind System Based on the PMSG Generator," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-21, July.
  53. Gabriele Battista & Emanuele de Lieto Vollaro & Andrea Vallati & Roberto de Lieto Vollaro, 2023. "Technical–Financial Feasibility Study of a Micro-Cogeneration System in the Buildings in Italy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-15, July.
  54. Zhao, Fei & Wang, Yuliang & Guo, Jianlong & Wu, Lifeng, 2024. "Chinese provincial energy consumption intensity prediction by the CGM(1,1)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 292(C).
  55. Zahra Mokhtari & Shahindokht Barghjelveh & Romina Sayahnia & Salman Qureshi & Alessio Russo, 2022. "Dynamic and Heterogeneity of Urban Heat Island: A Theoretical Framework in the Context of Urban Ecology," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-17, July.
  56. Wang, Yihang & Wang, Zhi-Hua & Rahmatollahi, Negar & Hou, Haoran, 2024. "The impact of roof systems on cooling and building energy efficiency," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 376(PB).
  57. Yuanzheng Li & Wenjing Wang & Yating Wang & Yashu Xin & Tian He & Guosong Zhao, 2020. "A Review of Studies Involving the Effects of Climate Change on the Energy Consumption for Building Heating and Cooling," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-18, December.
  58. Tianyu Xi & Jin Li & Nuannuan Yang & Xinyu Liu & Fei Guo, 2025. "Analysis of the Characteristics of Heat Island Intensity Based on Local Climate Zones in the Transitional Season of Shenyang," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-23, February.
  59. Sánchez-Guevara Sánchez, Carmen & Sanz Fernández, Ana & Núñez Peiró, Miguel & Gómez Muñoz, Gloria, 2020. "Energy poverty in Madrid: Data exploitation at the city and district level," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
  60. Shi, Luyang & Luo, Zhiwen & Matthews, Wendy & Wang, Zixuan & Li, Yuguo & Liu, Jing, 2019. "Impacts of urban microclimate on summertime sensible and latent energy demand for cooling in residential buildings of Hong Kong," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
  61. Marwen Ghribi & Salem Dahech, 2023. "The Impact of the Urban Heat Island on the Sensation of Thermal Comfort and Electricity Consumption in Sfax in Central-Eastern Tunisia during the Hot Season," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-19, January.
  62. Samuelson, Holly W. & Baniassadi, Amir & Gonzalez, Pablo Izaga, 2020. "Beyond energy savings: Investigating the co-benefits of heat resilient architecture," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C).
  63. Chris Boulton & Claudia Baldwin & Tony Matthews & Silvia Tavares, 2023. "Environmental Design for Urban Cooling, Access, and Safety: A Novel Approach to Auditing Outdoor Areas in Residential Aged Care Facilities," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-22, February.
  64. Boccalatte, A. & Fossa, M. & Ménézo, C., 2020. "Best arrangement of BIPV surfaces for future NZEB districts while considering urban heat island effects and the reduction of reflected radiation from solar façades," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 686-697.
  65. Kaixu Zhao & Mingyue Qi & Xi Yan & Linyu Li & Xiaojun Huang, 2023. "Dynamic Impact of Urban Built Environment on Land Surface Temperature Considering Spatio-Temporal Heterogeneity: A Perspective of Local Climate Zone," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-27, December.
  66. Zhao, Bin & Wang, Chuyao & Hu, Mingke & Ao, Xianze & Liu, Jie & Xuan, Qingdong & Pei, Gang, 2022. "Light and thermal management of the semi-transparent radiative cooling glass for buildings," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PA).
  67. Heather S. Sussman & Sarah J. Becker, 2025. "Automated Global Method to Detect Rapid and Future Urban Areas," Land, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-21, May.
  68. Conghong Huang & Yan Tang & Yiyang Wu & Yu Tao & Muwu Xu & Nan Xu & Mingze Li & Xiaodan Liu & Henghui Xi & Weixin Ou, 2024. "Assessing Long-Term Thermal Environment Change with Landsat Time-Series Data in a Rapidly Urbanizing City in China," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-15, February.
  69. Komi Bernard Bedra & Jian Zheng & Jiayu Li & Zhaoqian Sun & Bohong Zheng, 2023. "Automating Microclimate Evaluation and Optimization during Urban Design: A Rhino–Grasshopper Workflow," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-26, December.
  70. Coyne, Bryan & Denny, Eleanor, 2021. "Retrofit effectiveness: Evidence from a nationwide residential energy efficiency programme," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
  71. Fitsum Tariku & Afshin Gharib Mombeni, 2023. "ANN-Based Method for Urban Canopy Temperature Prediction and Building Energy Simulation with Urban Heat Island Effect in Consideration," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-23, July.
  72. Bian, Chenhang & Cheung, Ka Lung & Chen, Xi & Lee, Chi Chung, 2025. "Integrating microclimate modelling with building energy simulation and solar photovoltaic potential estimation: The parametric analysis and optimization of urban design," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 380(C).
  73. Luka Djordjević & Jasmina Pekez & Borivoj Novaković & Mihalj Bakator & Mića Djurdjev & Dragan Ćoćkalo & Saša Jovanović, 2023. "Increasing Energy Efficiency of Buildings in Serbia—A Case of an Urban Neighborhood," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-20, April.
  74. George M. Stavrakakis & Dimitris Al. Katsaprakakis & Markos Damasiotis, 2021. "Basic Principles, Most Common Computational Tools, and Capabilities for Building Energy and Urban Microclimate Simulations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-41, October.
  75. Yang, Xiaoshan & Peng, Lilliana L.H. & Jiang, Zhidian & Chen, Yuan & Yao, Lingye & He, Yunfei & Xu, Tianjing, 2020. "Impact of urban heat island on energy demand in buildings: Local climate zones in Nanjing," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
  76. Chi, Fang'ai & Xu, Liming & Pan, Jiajie & Wang, Ruonan & Tao, Yekang & Guo, Yuang & Peng, Changhai, 2020. "Prediction of the total day-round thermal load for residential buildings at various scales based on weather forecast data," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
  77. Wenliang Li, 2020. "Quantifying the Building Energy Dynamics of Manhattan, New York City, Using an Urban Building Energy Model and Localized Weather Data," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-22, June.
  78. Jiaxi Hu & Chengxi Lyu & Yinzhen Hou & Neng Zhu & Kairui Liu, 2024. "Research on Summer Indoor Air Conditioning Design Parameters in Haikou City: A Field Study of Indoor Thermal Perception and Comfort," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-17, May.
  79. Meng, Fanchao & Zhang, Lei & Ren, Guoyu & Zhang, Ruixue, 2023. "Impacts of UHI on variations in cooling loads in buildings during heatwaves: A case study of Beijing and Tianjin, China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 273(C).
  80. Seyed Morteza Moghimi & Thomas Aaron Gulliver & Ilamparithi Thirumarai Chelvan & Hossen Teimoorinia, 2024. "Load Optimization for Connected Modern Buildings Using Deep Hybrid Machine Learning in Island Mode," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-25, December.
  81. Katal, Ali & Mortezazadeh, Mohammad & Wang, Liangzhu (Leon) & Yu, Haiyi, 2022. "Urban building energy and microclimate modeling – From 3D city generation to dynamic simulations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C).
  82. Yan Rao & Shaohua Zhang & Kun Yang & Yan Ma & Weilin Wang & Lede Niu, 2024. "Scale Differences and Gradient Effects of Local Climate Zone Spatial Pattern on Urban Heat Island Impact—A Case in Guangzhou’s Core Area," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-22, August.
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