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Monter sa propre entreprise : le travail independant chez les diplomes des colleges et universites canadiens

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  • Laporte, Christine
  • Rivard, Maud-Catherine
  • Finnie, Ross

Abstract

On presume souvent que les changements sur le marche du travail tels qu'un accroissement de l'incidence du travail a temps partiel ou saisonnier, du cumul de plusieurs emplois ou du travail independant sont regis par des variations de la demande, c'est-a-dire qu'ils resultent d'un manque de debouches pour les emplois plus traditionnels plutot que d'un changement des preferences des travailleurs. Pourtant, malgre l'interet et l'importance de la question du travail non classique, on dispose a son sujet de relativement peu de donnees empiriques. L'objectif general du present rapport est d'exposer les resultats d'une etude empirique qui utilise l'indicateur de statut du travail independant disponible dans les bases de donnees de l'Enquete nationale aupres des diplomes (et les enquetes de suivi). Il presente et analyse les modes de travail independant dans plusieurs cohortes de diplomes d'etudes superieures au Canada au cours des cinq premieres annees suivant l'obtention de leur diplome. Plus precisement, il fournit de solides donnees empiriques sur l'incidence du travail independant (niveaux, configurations, tendances) parmi les diplomes recents des secteurs collegial et universitaire, dans leur ensemble et selon le sexe, l'annee et le niveau du diplome. Ce document aborde aussi la question de savoir si le travail independant tend a etre l'option privilegiee par ceux qui s'y engagent ou s'il decoule d'un manque de debouches dans les emplois dits , ou encore d'une combinaison des deux. Deux grandes conclusions se degagent de cette analyse. Premierement, pour les trois premieres cohortes etudiees, l'incidence du travail independant est relativement stable. Les taux globaux se situent entre 6,5 % et 11,1 % chez les hommes et entre 3,2 % et 6,7 % chez les femmes. Les taux tendent a etre superieurs chez certains diplomes (mais pas tous) de la cohorte la plus recente (1995). Deuxiemement, le travail independant semble generalement representer un statut professionnel relativement attrayant en moyenne : Dans chaque cohorte, les taux de travail independant augmentent de la premiere entrevue (deux ans apres l'obtention du diplome) a la seconde (cinq ans apres), un intervalle durant lequel les debouches s'ameliorent generalement beaucoup pour les diplomes. Il ressort de simples comparaisons ponctuelles (transversales) des remunerations, de l'adequation entre emplois et qualifications scolaires ainsi que des niveaux de satisfaction au travail que, malgre des resultats un peu inegaux, le travail independant ne se caracterise generalement pas par des resultats moins favorables et se demarque peut-etre par des niveaux de satisfaction au travail habituellement superieurs (plutot qu'inferieurs). Finalement, tant le modele transversal conventionnel des remunerations que les equations en differences premieres, dans lesquelles sont neutralises differents effets fixes susceptibles d'etre correles avec le statut prof

Suggested Citation

  • Laporte, Christine & Rivard, Maud-Catherine & Finnie, Ross, 2002. "Monter sa propre entreprise : le travail independant chez les diplomes des colleges et universites canadiens," Direction des études analytiques : documents de recherche 2002183f, Statistics Canada, Direction des études analytiques.
    • Handle: RePEc:stc:stcp3f:2002183f
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    File URL: https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/fr/catalogue/11F0019M2002183
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    References listed on IDEAS

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