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Impacts of COVID-19 on Households in ASEAN Countries and Their Implications for Human Capital Development: Medium-Run Impacts and the Role of Government Support

Author

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  • Peter Morgan

    (Asian Development Bank Institute)

  • Long Trinh

    (Asian Development Bank Institute)

  • Kunhyui Kim

    (Asian Development Bank Institute)

Abstract

The outbreak of the COVID-19 virus and the resulting falls in demand due both to uncertainty and policy interventions such as lockdowns, “social distancing,” and travel restrictions are having a severe impact on Asian economies and hence on Asian households. These negative impacts come through a variety of channels, including loss of employment or reduced working hours, loss of sales and income of a household business, inability to travel to work, an increased need to stay at home to look after children or sick household members, higher prices and/or lack of availability of staple items, reduced access to schooling, etc. At the same time, governments implemented aid programs to support households and businesses. To better understand these impacts, we carried out computer-assisted telephone interviews of households in seven ADB developing member countries: Cambodia, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Viet Nam. Two waves of the survey were conducted: the first from the end of May to the end of July 2020 and the second from the end of January to February 2021. The following factors contributed to declines in income and expenditure and the experience of financial difficulty: being in a lower-income group, lower education of household head, female household head, having at least one person who lost their job, and being located in a lockdown area. The receipt of government aid did not vary much by income class, but the amount relative to pre-pandemic income was much higher for lower-income groups. Nonetheless, we could not find positive effects of the receipt of government aid on household income or expenditure. One of the most striking findings is that %eak/insufficient internet connections and a lack of digital devices. Two COVID-19-related factors—having at least one person who lost their job or had their working hours reduced and experiencing financial difficulties—significantly affect the intensity of online classes taken by children in an average household. This has negative implications for longer-term human capital formation.

Suggested Citation

  • Peter Morgan & Long Trinh & Kunhyui Kim, 2022. "Impacts of COVID-19 on Households in ASEAN Countries and Their Implications for Human Capital Development: Medium-Run Impacts and the Role of Government Support," ADBI Working Papers 1312, Asian Development Bank Institute.
    • Handle: RePEc:ris:adbiwp:1312
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Warwick McKibbin & Roshen Fernando, 2021. "The Global Macroeconomic Impacts of COVID-19: Seven Scenarios," Asian Economic Papers, MIT Press, vol. 20(2), pages 1-30, Summer.
    2. Torero, Maximo, 2020. "Prepare food systems for a long-haul fight against COVID-19," IFPRI book chapters, in: COVID-19 and global food security, chapter 27, pages 118-121, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    3. Ceballos, Francisco & Kannan, Samyuktha & Kramer, Berber, 2020. "Impacts of a national lockdown on smallholder farmers’ income and food security: Empirical evidence from two states in India," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
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    Cited by:

    1. Dina Azhgaliyeva & Ranjeeta Mishra & Trinh Long & Peter Morgan & Wataru Kodama, 2022. "Impacts of COVID-19 on Households’ Business, Employment and School Education: Evidence from Household Survey in CAREC Countries," ADBI Working Papers 1335, Asian Development Bank Institute.
    2. Ahmad, Wasim & Chahal, Rishman Jot Kaur & Rais, Shirin, 2022. "Understanding the impact of the coronavirus outbreak on the economic integration of ASEAN countries," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 124068, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • D14 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Household Saving; Personal Finance
    • G51 - Financial Economics - - Household Finance - - - Household Savings, Borrowing, Debt, and Wealth
    • H12 - Public Economics - - Structure and Scope of Government - - - Crisis Management
    • H84 - Public Economics - - Miscellaneous Issues - - - Disaster Aid
    • I10 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - General
    • I24 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Inequality

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