IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/pra/mprapa/126295.html

Modeling Wage Expectations and Long-Memory Dynamics in the German Labor Market, 1914–1920

Author

Listed:
  • Boughabi, Houssam

Abstract

This study simulates the labor market dynamics in Germany during 1914-1920, focusing on the impact of World War I on wage expectations and economic stability. Built upon the historical context of the period, the simulation takes into account the initial wage hikes driven by involuntary unemployment and the exodus of workers from civilian industries to war-related industries. It then explores the subsequent stabilization of wages, as observed in the empirical reality of the era. Using simulated data, the paper examines how workers' expectations of future wages were shaped by current wage conditions amidst the economic strain caused by the war. The study also investigates the role of national unity, government policies, and institutional frameworks in preserving wage stability during market volatility. To analyze wage dynamics, the research applies a dynamic wage model alongside the FIGARCH(1,d,1) model, estimating long-memory effects in wage volatility. The findings suggest that past economic conditions played a significant role in shaping current wage expectations, with light long-memory properties observed in wage volatility. This simulated analysis offers insights into how economic pressures and government interventions during wartime may have contributed to wage stability, shaping the uncertainty of workers into forecasting the war ending which goes in accordance with the martingale hypothesis of wages expectations. Our study is contextual and qualitative and discusses the properties of economical series based on the context of the period.

Suggested Citation

  • Boughabi, Houssam, 2025. "Modeling Wage Expectations and Long-Memory Dynamics in the German Labor Market, 1914–1920," MPRA Paper 126295, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:126295
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/126295/1/MPRA_paper_126295.pdf
    File Function: original version
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Guglielmo Maria Caporale & Luis A. Gil-Alana & Yuliya Lovcha, 2016. "Testing Unemployment Theories: A Multivariate Long Memory Approach," Journal of Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(1), pages 95-112, May.
    2. Luis Alberiko Gil-Alana & Zeynel Abidin Ozdemir & Aysit Tansel, 2019. "Long Memory in Turkish Unemployment Rates," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 55(1), pages 201-217, January.
    3. Olivier J. Blanchard & Lawrence H. Summers, 1986. "Hysteresis and the European Unemployment Problem," NBER Chapters, in: NBER Macroeconomics Annual 1986, Volume 1, pages 15-90, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    4. Lobato, Ignacio N & Savin, N E, 1998. "Real and Spurious Long-Memory Properties of Stock-Market Data," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 16(3), pages 261-268, July.
    5. Baillie, Richard T. & Bollerslev, Tim & Mikkelsen, Hans Ole, 1996. "Fractionally integrated generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 74(1), pages 3-30, September.
    6. Luis Alberiko Gil-Alana & Zeynel Abidin Ozdemir & Aysit Tansel, 2019. "Long Memory in Turkish Unemployment Rates," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 55(1), pages 201-217, January.
    7. Diebold, Francis X. & Rudebusch, Glenn D., 1989. "Long memory and persistence in aggregate output," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 24(2), pages 189-209, September.
    8. Blanchard, Olivier J. & Summers, Lawrence H., 1987. "Hysteresis in unemployment," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 31(1-2), pages 288-295.
    9. Luis Gil-Alana, 2003. "Unemployment and real oil prices in Australia: a fractionally cointegrated approach," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 10(4), pages 201-204.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. OlaOluwa S. Yaya & Ahamuefula E. Ogbonna & Robert Mudida, 2019. "Hysteresis of unemployment rates in Africa: new findings from Fourier ADF test," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 53(6), pages 2781-2795, November.
    2. Guglielmo Caporale & Luis Gil-Alana, 2009. "Multiple shifts and fractional integration in the US and UK unemployment rates," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 33(4), pages 364-375, October.
    3. Carlos P. Barros & Luis A. Gil-Alana & Zhongfei Chen, 2016. "Exchange rate persistence of the Chinese yuan against the US dollar in the NDF market," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 51(4), pages 1399-1414, December.
    4. John Cotter & Simon Stevenson, 2008. "Modeling Long Memory in REITs," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 36(3), pages 533-554, September.
    5. Luis Alberiko A. Gil-Alana & María Jesús González-Blanch & Carlos Poza, 2025. "Labour market mismatches in G7 countries: a fractional integration approach," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 57(7), pages 736-752, February.
    6. Luis Gil-Alana, 2008. "Real GDP growth rates across countries: long memory and mean shifts," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 15(6), pages 449-455.
    7. Gil-Alana, Luis A. & Shittu, Olanrewaju I. & Yaya, OlaOluwa S., 2014. "On the persistence and volatility in European, American and Asian stocks bull and bear markets," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 149-162.
    8. Niels Framroze Møller, 2019. "Decoding unemployment persistence: an econometric framework for identifying and comparing the sources of persistence with an application to UK macrodata," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 56(5), pages 1489-1514, May.
    9. Blanchard, Olivier Jean & Quah, Danny, 1989. "The Dynamic Effects of Aggregate Demand and Supply Disturbances," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 79(4), pages 655-673, September.
    10. Dräger, Lena & Nguyen, Duc Binh Benno & Prokopczuk, Marcel & Sibbertsen, Philipp, 2020. "The Long Memory of Equity Volatility and the Macroeconomy: International Evidence," Hannover Economic Papers (HEP) dp-667, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät.
    11. van Dijk, Dick & Franses, Philip Hans & Paap, Richard, 2002. "A nonlinear long memory model, with an application to US unemployment," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 110(2), pages 135-165, October.
    12. Alessandra Spremolla, 2001. "Persistencia en el Desempleo de Uruguay," Latin American Journal of Economics-formerly Cuadernos de Economía, Instituto de Economía. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile., vol. 38(113), pages 73-89.
    13. Nguyen, Duc Binh Benno & Prokopczuk, Marcel & Sibbertsen, Philipp, 2020. "The memory of stock return volatility: Asset pricing implications," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 47(C).
    14. Nguyen, Duc Binh Benno & Prokopczuk, Marcel & Sibbertsen, Philipp, 2017. "The Long Memory of Equity Volatility: International Evidence," Hannover Economic Papers (HEP) dp-614, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät.
    15. Ana Pérez & Esther Ruiz, 2002. "Modelos de memoria larga para series económicas y financieras," Investigaciones Economicas, Fundación SEPI, vol. 26(3), pages 395-445, September.
    16. de Oliveira Lima Cagliari Marques, Guilherme & Gonzalez de Freitas Pinto, Mateus, 2024. "Dynamics of persistence in Brazilian economic uncertainty, expectation, and confidence indexes," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    17. Caporale, Guglielmo Maria & Gil-Alana, Luis A., 2008. "Modelling the US, UK and Japanese unemployment rates: Fractional integration and structural breaks," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 52(11), pages 4998-5013, July.
    18. John Cotter, 2005. "Uncovering long memory in high frequency UK futures," The European Journal of Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 11(4), pages 325-337.
    19. Franz, Wolfgang, 1990. "Hysteresis in Economic Relationships: An Overview," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 15(2), pages 109-125.
    20. Marina Capparucci & Emanuela Ghignoni & Alina Verashchagina & Natalia Vorozhbit, 2015. "The Drivers of Innovation in the Italian Manufacturing Sector," Economia & lavoro, Carocci editore, issue 3, pages 111-128.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    JEL classification:

    • C22 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes
    • E24 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity
    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
    • N34 - Economic History - - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy - - - Europe: 1913-

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:126295. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Joachim Winter (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/vfmunde.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.