IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/pra/mprapa/113237.html

Differentiating artificial intelligence capability clusters in Australia

Author

Listed:
  • Bratanova, Alexandra
  • Pham, Hien
  • Mason, Claire
  • Hajkowicz, Stefan
  • Naughtin, Claire
  • Schleiger, Emma
  • Sanderson, Conrad
  • Chen, Caron
  • Karimi, Sarvnaz

Abstract

We demonstrate how cluster analysis underpinned by analysis of revealed technology advantage can be used to differentiate geographic regions with comparative advantage in artificial intelligence (AI). Our analysis uses novel datasets on Australian AI businesses, intellectual property patents and labour markets to explore location, concentration and intensity of AI activities across 333 geographical regions. We find that Australia's AI business and innovation activity is clustered in geographic locations with higher investment in research and development. Through cluster analysis we identify three tiers of AI capability regions that are developing across the economy: ‘AI hotspots’ (10 regions), ‘Emerging AI regions’ (85 regions) and ‘Nascent AI regions’ (238 regions). While the AI hotspots are mainly concentrated in central business district locations, there are examples when they also appear outside CBD in areas where there has been significant investment in innovation and technology hubs. Policy makers can use the results of this study to facilitate and monitor the growth of AI capability to boost economic recovery. Investors may find these results helpful to learn about the current landscape of AI business and innovation activities in Australia.

Suggested Citation

  • Bratanova, Alexandra & Pham, Hien & Mason, Claire & Hajkowicz, Stefan & Naughtin, Claire & Schleiger, Emma & Sanderson, Conrad & Chen, Caron & Karimi, Sarvnaz, 2022. "Differentiating artificial intelligence capability clusters in Australia," MPRA Paper 113237, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:113237
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/113237/1/MPRA_paper_113237.pdf
    File Function: original version
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Robert Stimson & Roger Stough & Peter Nijkamp, 2011. "Endogenous Regional Development," Chapters, in: Robert Stimson & Roger R. Stough & Peter Nijkamp (ed.), Endogenous Regional Development, chapter 1, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    2. Robert Hassink & Huiwen Gong, 2019. "Six critical questions about smart specialization," European Planning Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 27(10), pages 2049-2065, October.
    3. Andre Jungmittag, 2004. "Innovations, technological specialisation and economic growth in the EU," International Economics and Economic Policy, Springer, vol. 1(2), pages 247-273, January.
    4. Asheim, Bjorn T & Isaksen, Arne, 2002. "Regional Innovation Systems: The Integration of Local 'Sticky' and Global 'Ubiquitous' Knowledge," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 27(1), pages 77-86, January.
    5. Shahriar Akter & Katina Michael & Muhammad Rajib Uddin & Grace McCarthy & Mahfuzur Rahman, 2022. "Transforming business using digital innovations: the application of AI, blockchain, cloud and data analytics," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 308(1), pages 7-39, January.
    6. Berlemann Michael & Wesselhöft Jan-Erik, 2014. "Estimating Aggregate Capital Stocks Using the Perpetual Inventory Method: A Survey of Previous Implementations and New Empirical Evidence for 103 Countries," Review of Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 65(1), pages 1-34, April.
    7. David Doloreux & Jose Gaviria de la Puerta & Iker Pastor-López & Igone Porto Gómez & Borja Sanz & Jon Mikel Zabala-Iturriagagoitia, 2019. "Territorial innovation models: to be or not to be, that’s the question," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 120(3), pages 1163-1191, September.
    8. Alberto Rinaldi, 2005. "The Emilian Model Revisited: Twenty Years After," Business History, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 47(2), pages 244-266.
    9. Robert Stimson & Roger R. Stough & Peter Nijkamp (ed.), 2011. "Endogenous Regional Development," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 14154.
    10. Swann, G. M. Peter & Prevezer, Martha & Stout, David (ed.), 1998. "The Dynamics of Industrial Clustering: International Comparisons in Computing and Biotechnology," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780198289593.
    11. Brusco, Sebastiano, 1982. "The Emilian Model: Productive Decentralisation and Social Integration," Cambridge Journal of Economics, Cambridge Political Economy Society, vol. 6(2), pages 167-184, June.
    12. Stefano Baruffaldi & Brigitte van Beuzekom & Hélène Dernis & Dietmar Harhoff & Nandan Rao & David Rosenfeld & Mariagrazia Squicciarini, 2020. "Identifying and measuring developments in artificial intelligence: Making the impossible possible," OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers 2020/05, OECD Publishing.
    13. Bjørn Asheim & Ron Boschma & Philip Cooke, 2011. "Constructing Regional Advantage: Platform Policies Based on Related Variety and Differentiated Knowledge Bases," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 45(7), pages 893-904.
    14. Paul Henman, 2020. "Improving public services using artificial intelligence: possibilities, pitfalls, governance," Asia Pacific Journal of Public Administration, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 42(4), pages 209-221, October.
    15. Sandro Montresor & Francesco Quatraro, 2017. "Regional Branching and Key Enabling Technologies: Evidence from European Patent Data," Economic Geography, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 93(4), pages 367-396, August.
    16. Diego A. Comin & Mikhail Dmitriev & Esteban Rossi-Hansberg, 2012. "The Spatial Diffusion of Technology," NBER Working Papers 18534, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    17. Carlo Gianelle & Fabrizio Guzzo & Krzysztof Mieszkowski, 2020. "Smart Specialisation: what gets lost in translation from concept to practice?," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 54(10), pages 1377-1388, October.
    18. Frank Moulaert & Farid Sekia, 2003. "Territorial Innovation Models: A Critical Survey," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 37(3), pages 289-302.
    19. Hall, Bronwyn H. & Mairesse, Jacques, 1995. "Exploring the relationship between R&D and productivity in French manufacturing firms," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 65(1), pages 263-293, January.
    20. Agrawal, Ajay & Cockburn, Iain & Galasso, Alberto & Oettl, Alexander, 2014. "Why are some regions more innovative than others? The role of small firms in the presence of large labs," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 149-165.
    21. Roger R. Stough & Robert J. Stimson & Peter Nijkamp, 2011. "An Endogenous Perspective on Regional Development and Growth," Advances in Spatial Science, in: Karima Kourtit & Peter Nijkamp & Roger R. Stough (ed.), Drivers of Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Regional Dynamics, pages 3-20, Springer.
    22. Todtling, Franz & Trippl, Michaela, 2005. "One size fits all?: Towards a differentiated regional innovation policy approach," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 34(8), pages 1203-1219, October.
    23. Agrawal, Ajay & Cockburn, Iain, 2003. "The anchor tenant hypothesis: exploring the role of large, local, R&D-intensive firms in regional innovation systems," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 21(9), pages 1227-1253, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Bratanova, Alexandra & Pham, Hien & Mason, Claire & Hajkowicz, Stefan & Naughtin, Claire & Schleiger, Emma & Sanderson, Conrad & Chen, Caron & Karimi, Sarvnaz, 2022. "Differentiating artificial intelligence activity clusters in Australia," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    2. Björn T. Asheim & Markus Grillitsch & Michaela Trippl, 2016. "Regional innovation systems: past – present – future," Chapters, in: Richard Shearmu & Christophe Carrincazeaux & David Doloreux (ed.), Handbook on the Geographies of Innovation, chapter 2, pages 45-62, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    3. Francesco Molica & Francesco Cappellano & Teemu Makkonen, 2025. "Re-thinking Regional Innovation Systems in the age of de-globalization," Working Papers TIMES² 2013/395461, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    4. Charlie Karlsson & Börje Johansson & Kiyoshi Kobayashi & Roger R. Stough, 2014. "Knowledge, innovation and space: introduction," Chapters, in: Charlie Karlsson & Börje Johansson & Kiyoshi Kobayashi & Roger R. Stough (ed.), Knowledge, Innovation and Space, chapter 1, pages 1-26, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    5. Karlsson, Charlie & Johansson, Börje & Kobayashi, Kiyoshi & Stough, Roger R., 2014. "Knowledge, innovation and space," Working Paper Series in Economics and Institutions of Innovation 367, Royal Institute of Technology, CESIS - Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies.
    6. Ron Boschma, 2021. "Designing Smart Specialization Policy: relatedness, unrelatedness, or what?," Papers in Evolutionary Economic Geography (PEEG) 2128, Utrecht University, Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Group Economic Geography, revised Sep 2021.
    7. Korneliusz Pylak & Jason Deegan & Tom Broekel, 2025. "Smart Specialisation or smart following? A study of policy mimicry in priority domain selection," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 59(1), pages 2429626-242, December.
    8. Michaela Trippl & Markus Grillitsch & Arne Isaksen & Tanja Sinozic, 2015. "Perspectives on Cluster Evolution: Critical Review and Future Research Issues," European Planning Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(10), pages 2028-2044, October.
    9. André Spithoven & Bruno Merlevede, 2023. "The productivity impact of R&D and FDI spillovers: characterising regional path development," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 48(2), pages 560-590, April.
    10. Trippl, Michaela & Asheim, Björn & Miorner, Johan, 2015. "Identification of regions with less developed research and innovation systems," Papers in Innovation Studies 2015/1, Lund University, CIRCLE - Centre for Innovation Research.
    11. Clara Turner & Marco R Di Tommaso & Chiara Pollio & Karen Chapple, 2020. "Who will win the electric vehicle race? The role of place-based assets and policy," Local Economy, London South Bank University, vol. 35(4), pages 337-362, June.
    12. Antonioli,Davide & Marzucchi,Alberto & Montresor,Sandro, 2012. "Regional innovation policy and innovative behaviours. A propensity score matching evaluation," INGENIO (CSIC-UPV) Working Paper Series 201205, INGENIO (CSIC-UPV).
    13. Franz Tödtling & Markus Grillitsch, 2015. "Does Combinatorial Knowledge Lead to a Better Innovation Performance of Firms?," European Planning Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(9), pages 1741-1758, September.
    14. Alexandra-Carmen HODISAN & Alina BADULESCU & Elena HERTE, 2024. "Issues And Challenges Of Integrating Tourism Into Regional Development Plans," Annals of Faculty of Economics, University of Oradea, Faculty of Economics, vol. 33(2), pages 64-73, December.
    15. Barbero, Javier & Diukanova, Olga & Gianelle, Carlo & Salotti, Simone & Santoalha, Artur, 2024. "Technologically related diversification: One size does not fit all European regions," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 53(3).
    16. Patrycjusz Zarębski & Dominik Katarzyński, 2023. "A Theoretical Framework for a Local Energy Innovation System Based on the Renewable Energy Case of Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-24, April.
    17. Pedro Marques & Kevin Morgan, 2021. "Innovation without Regional Development? The Complex Interplay of Innovation, Institutions, and Development," Economic Geography, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 97(5), pages 475-496, October.
    18. Peter Maskell & Leïla Kebir, 2005. "What qualifies as a cluster theory?," DRUID Working Papers 05-09, DRUID, Copenhagen Business School, Department of Industrial Economics and Strategy/Aalborg University, Department of Business Studies.
    19. Rakas, Marija & Hain, Daniel S., 2019. "The state of innovation system research: What happens beneath the surface?," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 48(9), pages 1-1.
    20. Michaela Trippl & Elena Zukauskaite & Adrian Healy, 2020. "Shaping smart specialization: the role of place-specific factors in advanced, intermediate and less-developed European regions," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 54(10), pages 1328-1340, October.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    JEL classification:

    • O31 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
    • O38 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Government Policy
    • R12 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity; Interregional Trade (economic geography)

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:113237. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Joachim Winter (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/vfmunde.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.