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Impacts of Jobs Requiring Close Physical Proximity and High Interaction with the Public on U.S. Industry Employment Change During the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic

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  • Gabe, Todd
  • Florida, Richard

Abstract

This paper examines the factors affecting U.S. industry employment change in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results show that the percentage of industry employment in occupations that require close physical proximity has a negative impact on year-over-year employment change in the six months of April through September of 2020, which is likely the result of the shutdown and COVID-related measures to encourage social distancing. The percentage of industry employment in jobs that involve high interaction with the public has a negative impact on year-over-year employment change in April and May—presumably due to measures that prohibited the assembly of large groups—but not in the months of June to September.

Suggested Citation

  • Gabe, Todd & Florida, Richard, 2021. "Impacts of Jobs Requiring Close Physical Proximity and High Interaction with the Public on U.S. Industry Employment Change During the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic," MPRA Paper 105702, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:105702
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Dingel, Jonathan I. & Neiman, Brent, 2020. "How many jobs can be done at home?," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    2. Alexander W. Bartik & Marianne Bertrand & Feng Lin & Jesse Rothstein & Matthew Unrath, 2020. "Measuring the Labor Market at the Onset of the COVID-19 Crisis," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 51(2 (Summer), pages 239-268;316.
    3. Scott R Baker & Robert A Farrokhnia & Steffen Meyer & Michaela Pagel & Constantine Yannelis & Jeffrey Pontiff, 0. "How Does Household Spending Respond to an Epidemic? Consumption during the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic," The Review of Asset Pricing Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 10(4), pages 834-862.
    4. Simon Mongey & Laura Pilossoph & Alexander Weinberg, 2021. "Which workers bear the burden of social distancing?," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 19(3), pages 509-526, September.
    5. Bruno Carvalho & Susana Peralta & Joao Pereira dos Santos, 2020. "What and how did people buy during the Great Lockdown? Evidence from electronic payments," Working Papers ECARES 2020-20, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
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    Cited by:

    1. Min-Yen Chang & Yi-Sheng Hsu & Han-Shen Chen, 2021. "Choice Experiment Method for Sustainable Tourism in Theme Parks," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-16, June.
    2. Gabe, Todd & Diodato, William, 2021. "Maine Employment Change in 2020: Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic," MPRA Paper 106930, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Richard Florida & Todd Gabe, 2023. "COVID-19, the New Urban Crisis, and Cities: How COVID-19 Compounds the Influence of Economic Segregation and Inequality on Metropolitan Economic Performance," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 37(4), pages 328-348, November.
    4. Gabe, Todd, 2021. "Impacts of COVID-19 on Coastal Tourism in Maine: Evidence from Bar Harbor," MPRA Paper 108180, University Library of Munich, Germany.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    COVID-19; U.S. Industry Employment Change; Occupations; Physical Proximity; Public Interaction;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • L83 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Services - - - Sports; Gambling; Restaurants; Recreation; Tourism

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