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Un análisis de la evidencia y teoría de la política monetaria a través de los meta-análisis

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  • SALGUERO, RICARDO ALONZO FERNANDEZ

Abstract

El presente documento ofrece una síntesis de la literatura empírica sobre los efectos de la política monetaria. Utilizando los hallazgos de una extensa colección de meta-análisis, se evalúa la efectividad de los instrumentos de política monetaria convencionales y no convencionales sobre variables macroeconómicas clave como la producción, la inflación, los flujos de capital y el tipo de cambio. La evidencia agregada revela una brecha sistemática entre los efectos reportados en estudios primarios y la magnitud real de dichos efectos, una vez que se corrige por el sesgo de publicación y la heterogeneidad metodológica. Los hallazgos sugieren que, si bien la política monetaria es una herramienta relevante, su poder para modular el ciclo económico ha sido consistentemente sobrestimado en la literatura. Se identifican los factores contextuales—como el grado de desarrollo financiero, el régimen cambiario, la independencia del banco central y las condiciones de crisis—que modulan la transmisión de la política monetaria. En particular, se constata que el sesgo de publicación favorece sistemáticamente resultados estadísticamente significativos y consistentes con la teoría predominante, lo que infla artificialmente la percepción de eficacia. Al corregir estas distorsiones, emerge una imagen de la política monetaria con efectos más modestos, inciertos y con retardos considerables, lo que tiene profundas implicaciones para la teoría macroeconómica y la práctica de la política económica.

Suggested Citation

  • Salguero, Ricardo Alonzo Fernandez, 2025. "Un análisis de la evidencia y teoría de la política monetaria a través de los meta-análisis," SocArXiv 9sypa_v1, Center for Open Science.
  • Handle: RePEc:osf:socarx:9sypa_v1
    DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/9sypa_v1
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