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WFH and Productivity: Evidence from the Judiciary

Author

Listed:
  • Arenas, Andreu

    (University of Barcelona (IEB, IPERG))

  • Bosch, Marc

    (Ivà lua)

  • Frias, Nerea

    (National Institute of Economic and Social Research)

Abstract

We estimate the effect of work from home (WFH) on public-sector productivity by evaluating a mandatory return-to-office (RTO) policy in the Catalan judiciary. Leveraging cross-court variation in pre-mandate WFH intensity, difference-in-differences estimates show that terminating WFH reduced procedural output by 5.6 percent, with no offsetting changes in document quality or absenteeism. Evidence from a multi-stakeholder survey suggests a multitasking reallocation: filing tasks are performed on a digital platform and become easier under WFH, whereas coordination with lawyers is synchronous and harder to monitor. WFH thus shifted effort toward filing tasks and away from coordination. Perceived impacts follow a gradient: case managers and supervisors, who benefit from bureaucratic efficiency, are positive about WFH, while lawyers, who depend on service coordination, are clearly negative.

Suggested Citation

  • Arenas, Andreu & Bosch, Marc & Frias, Nerea, 2026. "WFH and Productivity: Evidence from the Judiciary," IZA Discussion Papers 18795, IZA Network @ LISER.
    • Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18795
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • J22 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
    • J45 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Particular Labor Markets - - - Public Sector Labor Markets
    • M54 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Personnel Economics - - - Labor Management
    • D73 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - - - Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption
    • H83 - Public Economics - - Miscellaneous Issues - - - Public Administration

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