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Les causes économiques et politiques de la crise financière de 2008

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  • Marie Daumal

    (LED - Laboratoire d'Economie Dionysien - UP8 - Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis)

Abstract

En octobre 2008, le système financier des Etats-Unis d'Amérique se trouvait au bord de l'effondrement. De grandes banques auraient fait faillite sans l'aide financière massive du gouvernement américain. La littérature économique, composée de rapports officiels, de livres et d'articles académiques, a tenté d'identifier les causes de la crise financière de 2008 : une déréglementation inappropriée du système financier et bancaire, une supervision faible du système de la part des régulateurs, une prise de risque excessive des banques conjuguée à un effet de levier trop élevé, des inégalités croissantes aux Etats-Unis, etc. Notre travail est composé de deux parties. Dans la première, nous avons réalisé une synthèse sur les causes économiques de la crise de 2008 en nous basant sur le rapport d'enquête des autorités fédérales américaines -intitulé "Report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission"-, sur les documents publiés par le Fonds Monétaire International après 2008 ainsi que sur le livre du Prix Nobel d'économie, M. Joseph Stiglitz. La seconde partie aborde les causes politiques de la crise. L'idéologie dominante « pro-marché », les financements de campagnes électorales par le secteur financier privé, les activités de lobbying ainsi que les allers-retours professionnels des politiques entre Wall Street et Washington pourraient expliquer en grande partie la déréglementation inappropriée du système financier américain intervenue entre les années 1980 et 2008, ayant conduit à cette crise.

Suggested Citation

  • Marie Daumal, 2022. "Les causes économiques et politiques de la crise financière de 2008," Working Papers hal-03759869, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-03759869
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-03759869
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    References listed on IDEAS

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