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Comparing Currency Board Automatic Mechanism in Bulgaria, Estonia and Lithuania

Author

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  • Nikolay Nenovsky

    (Bulgarian National Bank - Head of Monetary and Financial Analysis Department)

Abstract

The paper presents a cross-country analysis of the second generation of currency boards (CB) introduced in three East European countries: Bulgaria, Estonia and Lithuania. We focus on their institutional, legal and political characteristics which are closely associated with the operation of the automatic mechanism (AM) of currency boards. The presence of an automatic mechanism within the framework of the currency board is often cited as a major counterpoint to the "discretion and subjectivity" of a classical central bank. Since there is no precise definition of automatic mechanisms in the literature, we define it as: "the presence of a positive cointegration relationship between the balance of payments and the reserve money (or money supply) and absence of discretionary variables in the model." When discretionary variables are present in the model in one form or another, we may speak of a "mechanism for adjustment through discretion - conscious or unconscious." Within the framework of the second generation of currency boards, we reduce the channel of discretion to the presence of atypical balance sheet items and employment of a number of monetary policy instruments. We seek in this article to compare currency board automatic mechanism in Bulgaria, Estonia and Lithuania.L'article procède d'une analyse transversale par pays de la deuxième génération des "bureaux d'émission" (currency boards) introduits dans trois pays de l'Europe de l'Est. L'accent est mis sur les caractéristiques institutionnelles, juridiques et politiques qui sont étroitement associées à l'opération du mécanisme automatique (MA) des bureaux d'émission. L'existence d'un mécanisme automatique dans la structure d'un bureau d'émission est souvent mise en avant comme l'argument majeur à l'encontre de la "discrétion" et la "subjectivité" d'une banque centrale classique. Parce qu'il n'existe aucune définition précise du mécanisme automatique dans l
(This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)

Suggested Citation

  • Nikolay Nenovsky, 2001. "Comparing Currency Board Automatic Mechanism in Bulgaria, Estonia and Lithuania," Post-Print halshs-00260066, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-00260066
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. John Y. Campbell & Pierre Perron, 1991. "Pitfalls and Opportunities: What Macroeconomists Should Know about Unit Roots," NBER Chapters, in: NBER Macroeconomics Annual 1991, Volume 6, pages 141-220, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Nenovsky Nikolay & Hristov Kalin & Mihaylov Mihail, 2001. "Comparing Currency Board Automatic Mechanism in Bulgaria, Estonia and Lithuania," Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines, De Gruyter, vol. 11(4), pages 1-44, December.
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    4. Mr. Wayne W. Camard, 1996. "Discretion with Rules? Lessons from the Currency Board Arrangement in Lithuania," IMF Policy Discussion Papers 1996/001, International Monetary Fund.
    5. K. Hristov & Nikolay Nenovsky, 2001. "The Nonorthodox Currency Boards: The Case of Bulgaria," Post-Print halshs-00260074, HAL.
    6. Atish R. Ghosh & Anne-Marie Gulde & Holger C. Wolf, 2000. "Currency boards: More than a quick fix?," Economic Policy, CEPR, CESifo, Sciences Po;CES;MSH, vol. 15(31), pages 270-335.
    7. Mr. Adam Bennett, 1994. "Currency Boards: Issues and Experiences," IMF Policy Discussion Papers 1994/018, International Monetary Fund.
    8. Enrique Alberola & Luis Molina, 2000. "Fiscal Discipline and Exchange Rate Regimes: a Case for Currency Boards?," Working Papers 0006, Banco de España.
    9. repec:zbw:bofitp:1999_006 is not listed on IDEAS
    10. Schwartz, Anna J., 1993. "Currency boards: their past, present, and possible future role," Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(1), pages 147-187, December.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Minea, Alexandru & Rault, Christophe, 2011. "External monetary shocks and monetary integration: Evidence from the Bulgarian currency board," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 28(5), pages 2271-2281, September.
    2. repec:zbw:bofitp:2001_017 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Martin N. Pazardjiev & Aleksandar Z. Vasilev, 2021. "Specificities of the Monetary Transmission Mechanism within the Bulgarian Currency Board Framework: The first five years," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, vol. 10(2), pages 57-86.
    4. Souleymane NDAO & Nikolay Nenovsky, 2020. "External Dependence of the African Franc CFA zone. Empirical Investigations on Money Supply Process," Economic Alternatives, University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria, issue 3, pages 357-367, September.
    5. Muhammad Khan, 2013. "Inflation and Sectoral Output Growth Variability in Bulgaria," Comparative Economic Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Association for Comparative Economic Studies, vol. 55(4), pages 687-704, December.
    6. Nenovsky Nikolay & Hristov Kalin & Mihaylov Mihail, 2001. "Comparing Currency Board Automatic Mechanism in Bulgaria, Estonia and Lithuania," Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines, De Gruyter, vol. 11(4), pages 1-44, December.
    7. Nikolay Nenovsky & E. Peev & T. Yalamov, 2003. "Banks-Firms Nexus under the Currency Board: Empirical Evidence from Bulgaria," Post-Print halshs-00259830, HAL.
    8. Ivan Todorov & Mariana Usheva & Stoyan Tanchev & Petar Yurukov, 2020. "Does a discretionary policy or an automatic adjustment mechanism determine monetary conditions in Bulgaria?," Economic Thought journal, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Economic Research Institute, issue 4, pages 95-114.
    9. Jean-Baptiste Desquilbet & Nikolay Nenovsky, 2005. "Confiance et ajustement dans les régimes d'étalon-or et de caisse d'émission," Mondes en développement, De Boeck Université, vol. 130(2), pages 77-93.
    10. P. Chobanov & Nikolay Nenovsky, 2004. "Money market liquidity under Currency board - empirical investigations for Bulgaria," Post-Print halshs-00259753, HAL.
    11. Jean-Baptiste Desquilbet & Nikolay Nenovsky, 2004. "Credibility and Adjustment : Gold Standards versus Currency Boards," CAE Working Papers 11, Aix-Marseille Université, CERGAM.
    12. Nikolay Nenovsky, 2010. "The Bulgarian Economic Thought since 1989: A Personal View," ICER Working Papers 21-2010, ICER - International Centre for Economic Research.
    13. Nikolay NENOVSKY, 2022. "Theoretical Foundations of the Dependent Monetary Regimes," Business & Management Compass, University of Economics Varna, issue 3-4, pages 113-133.
    14. Sutela, Pekka, 2001. "Managing capital flows in Estonia and Latvia," BOFIT Discussion Papers 17/2001, Bank of Finland, Institute for Economies in Transition.
    15. Dalia Grigonyté, 2003. "Impact of Currency Boards on Fiscal Policy in Central and Eastern European Countries," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 36(2), pages 111-133, June.
    16. Moustapha Aman, 2020. "Currency Board enjeux, mécanismes et limites," Working Papers hal-02975186, HAL.
    17. Moustapha Aman & Nikolay Nenovsky & Ismeal Mahamoud, 2014. "Le système informel de transferts de fonds et le mécanisme automatique du Currency Board : Complémentarité ou antagonisme ?," Working Papers halshs-01012133, HAL.
    18. Jérôme Blanc & Jean-François Ponsot, 2004. "Crédibilité et currency board : le cas lituanien," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 75(2), pages 113-127.
    19. Moustapha AMAN & Ismeal MAHAMOUD & Nikolay NENOVSKY, 2013. "Le système informel de transferts de fonds et le mécanisme automatique du Currency Board : complémentarité ou antagonisme ? Le cas des transferts des hawalas à Djibouti," LEO Working Papers / DR LEO 2249, Orleans Economics Laboratory / Laboratoire d'Economie d'Orleans (LEO), University of Orleans.

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