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External Dependence of the African Franc CFA zone. Empirical Investigations on Money Supply Process

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  • Souleymane NDAO

    (University of Picardie Jules Verne, France)

  • Nikolay Nenovsky

    (University of Picardie Jules Verne, France)

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to study the operating mechanisms of the issuing institutions in CFA area and the different sources of money creation. Our approach consists in studying, respectively the automatic or discretionary nature of monetary policies, through the establishment of non-neutralization/non-sterilization monetary indices (index); and in a second step we test, using co-integration models, the evolution of monetary base in relation of Net External Asset (NFA) and in relation to the evolution of Net Domestic Assets. Our results mainly indicate the existence of a preponderance of the external sector or NFA over the evolution of the monetary base or money supply, compared to the domestic sector. In addition, we observe an automatic adjustment in both WAEMU and CEMAC over the long term. But the return to equilibrium is slower in WAEMU due to a mix of automation and discretion. On the other hand, in CEMAC, the return to equilibrium is almost automatic with a strong dependence on the external sector.

Suggested Citation

  • Souleymane NDAO & Nikolay Nenovsky, 2020. "External Dependence of the African Franc CFA zone. Empirical Investigations on Money Supply Process," Economic Alternatives, University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria, issue 3, pages 357-367, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:nwe:eajour:y:2020:i:3:p:357-367
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Nenovsky Nikolay & Hristov Kalin & Mihaylov Mihail, 2001. "Comparing Currency Board Automatic Mechanism in Bulgaria, Estonia and Lithuania," Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines, De Gruyter, vol. 11(4), pages 1-44, December.
    2. Anja Shortland & David Stasavage, 2004. "What Determines Monetary Policy in the Franc Zone? Estimating a Reaction Function for the BCEAO," Journal of African Economies, Centre for the Study of African Economies, vol. 13(4), pages 518-535, December.
    3. Jean-Baptiste Desquilbet & Nikolay Nenovsky, 2005. "Confiance et ajustement dans les régimes d'étalon-or et de caisse d'émission," Mondes en développement, De Boeck Université, vol. 130(2), pages 77-93.
    4. Krus, Nicholas, 2012. "The Money Supply in Currency Boards," Studies in Applied Economics 3, The Johns Hopkins Institute for Applied Economics, Global Health, and the Study of Business Enterprise.
    5. Souleymane Ndao & Nikolay Nenovsky & Kiril Tochkov, 2019. "Does monetary integration lead to income convergence in Africa? a study of the CFA monetary area," Portuguese Economic Journal, Springer;Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestao, vol. 18(2), pages 67-85, June.
    6. Bruno Cabrillac & Emmanuel Rocher, 2013. "Les perspectives des unions monétaires africaines," Revue d'économie financière, Association d'économie financière, vol. 0(2), pages 99-125.
    7. Nenovsky, Nikolay & Hristov, Kalin, 2002. "The new currency boards and discretion: empirical evidence from Bulgaria," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 26(1), pages 55-72, April.
    8. Steve Hanke, 2002. "On dollarization and currency boards: Error and deception," Journal of Economic Policy Reform, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 5(4), pages 203-222.
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    Cited by:

    1. Moustapha Aman & Nikolay Nenovsky, 2022. "Monetary stability and regional currency board: towards a two-tier system to accelerate regional integration in the Horn of Africa: a policy proposal," Working Papers hal-04084421, HAL.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    CFA Zone; African monetary integration; Adjustment mechanisms; Currency Boards; monetary dependence;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E51 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies
    • F45 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - Macroeconomic Issues of Monetary Unions
    • O55 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Africa

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