IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/hal/cesptp/hal-04084079.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Baisse de la productivité en France : échec en « maths » ?

Author

Listed:
  • Raphaël Martin
  • Thomas Renault

    (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Baptiste Roux

Abstract

Le lien entre capital humain et productivité a fait l'objet de nombreuses recherches dont les résultats convergent : le stock de capital humain constitue l'un des déterminants majeurs de la croissance de la productivité (voir les travaux fondateurs de Nelson et Phelps, 1966 ; Lucas, 1988 ou Barro, 1991). Dans un document de travail récent, France Stratégie (2020) évalue quantitativement le rôle prépondérant, à hauteur des trois quarts de l'effet total, du capital humain dans le ralentissement de la productivité au cours des 30 dernières années. Parmi les disciplines évaluées dans le cadre des enquêtes de compétences (lecture et écriture, mathématiques, sciences), les mathématiques focalisent l'attention en raison de la dégradation particulièrement forte des scores français, motivant par la suite la remise du rapport Villani‐Torossian, datant de 2018, ainsi que le rapport de la Commission des finances (2021) sur l'enseignement des mathématiques. L'utilisation de compétences mathématiques est en outre associée aux secteurs de l'innovation, susceptibles d'agir comme moteur de la productivité à l'échelle de l'économie. Jones (1995) estime ainsi que les scientifiques et ingénieurs travaillant en R&D sont à l'origine de 50 % de la croissance américaine de la productivité à long terme. Peri et al. (2015) identifient un lien de causalité positif entre les études scientifiques et les revenus des individus, théoriquement liés à leur productivité. Ce Focus étudie le lien entre le niveau de compétences en mathématiques, ou numératie ci‐après, et la productivité du travail. La première partie s'appuie sur plusieurs enquêtes internationales sur les compétences pour mettre en évidence la dégradation du niveau français en mathématiques depuis 30 ans. Nous caractérisons également l'hétérogénéité de cette dégradation par une étude des résultats des élèves se situant à différentes positions de la distribution des scores. Une fois ce constat exposé, nous évaluons le lien statistique avec la productivité du travail afin d'estimer les risques économiques associés à la baisse de niveau. L'analyse empirique comporte plusieurs spécifications à différentes échelles et établit une corrélation positive entre niveau de compétences en mathématiques et productivité du travail.

Suggested Citation

  • Raphaël Martin & Thomas Renault & Baptiste Roux, 2022. "Baisse de la productivité en France : échec en « maths » ?," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) hal-04084079, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:cesptp:hal-04084079
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-04084079
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://hal.science/hal-04084079/document
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    Other versions of this item:

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Eric Hanushek & Ludger Woessmann, 2012. "Do better schools lead to more growth? Cognitive skills, economic outcomes, and causation," Journal of Economic Growth, Springer, vol. 17(4), pages 267-321, December.
    2. Hanushek, Eric A. & Schwerdt, Guido & Wiederhold, Simon & Woessmann, Ludger, 2015. "Returns to skills around the world: Evidence from PIAAC," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 103-130.
    3. Balazs Egert & Christine de la Maisonneuve & David Turner, 2022. "A New Macroeconomic Measure of Human Capital Exploiting PISA and PIAAC: Linking Education Policies to Productivity," CESifo Working Paper Series 9728, CESifo.
    4. Maria A. Cattaneo & Chantal Oggenfuss & Stefan C. Wolter, 2017. "The more, the better? The impact of instructional time on student performance," Education Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 25(5), pages 433-445, September.
    5. Jason T. Kerwin & Rebecca L. Thornton, 2021. "Making the Grade: The Sensitivity of Education Program Effectiveness to Input Choices and Outcome Measures," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 103(2), pages 251-264, May.
    6. Robert J. Barro, 1991. "Economic Growth in a Cross Section of Countries," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 106(2), pages 407-443.
    7. Angel de la Fuente & Rafael Doménech, 2006. "Human Capital in Growth Regressions: How Much Difference Does Data Quality Make?," Journal of the European Economic Association, MIT Press, vol. 4(1), pages 1-36, March.
    8. Yannick L’horty & Philippe Martin & Thierry Mayer, 2019. "Baisses de charges : stop ou encore ?," SciencePo Working papers Main hal-03947955, HAL.
    9. David J. Deming & Sarah Cohodes & Jennifer Jennings & Christopher Jencks, 2016. "School Accountability, Postsecondary Attainment, and Earnings," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 98(5), pages 848-862, December.
    10. N. Gregory Mankiw & David Romer & David Weil, 1990. "A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic Growth," Working Papers 1990-24, Brown University, Department of Economics.
    11. Roland G. Fryer, 2013. "Teacher Incentives and Student Achievement: Evidence from New York City Public Schools," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 31(2), pages 373-407.
    12. Lucas, Robert Jr., 1988. "On the mechanics of economic development," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 22(1), pages 3-42, July.
    13. N. Gregory Mankiw & David Romer & David N. Weil, 1992. "A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic Growth," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 107(2), pages 407-437.
    14. David J. Deming, 2022. "Four Facts about Human Capital," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 36(3), pages 75-102, Summer.
    15. Jones, Charles I, 1995. "R&D-Based Models of Economic Growth," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 103(4), pages 759-784, August.
    16. Roland G. Fryer Jr. & Meghan Howard-Noveck, 2020. "High-Dosage Tutoring and Reading Achievement: Evidence from New York City," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 38(2), pages 421-452.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Altinok, Nadir & Aydemir, Abdurrahman, 2017. "Does one size fit all? The impact of cognitive skills on economic growth," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 176-190.
    2. Łukasz Goczek & Ewa Witkowska & Bartosz Witkowski, 2021. "How Does Education Quality Affect Economic Growth?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-22, June.
    3. Barro, Robert J. & Lee, Jong Wha, 2013. "A new data set of educational attainment in the world, 1950–2010," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 184-198.
    4. Eric A. Hanushek & Jens Ruhose & Ludger Woessmann, 2015. "Human Capital Quality and Aggregate Income Differences: Development Accounting for U.S. States," CESifo Working Paper Series 5411, CESifo.
    5. Eric A. Hanushek & Jens Ruhose & Ludger Woessmann, 2017. "Knowledge Capital and Aggregate Income Differences: Development Accounting for US States," American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, American Economic Association, vol. 9(4), pages 184-224, October.
    6. Angel De la Fuente, 2011. "Human capital and productivity," Working Papers 1103, BBVA Bank, Economic Research Department.
    7. Martin Werding & Sonja Munz & Vera Gács, 2008. "Fertility and prosperity : links between demography and economic growth," ifo Forschungsberichte, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, number 42.
    8. Claude DIEBOLT & Charlotte LE CHAPELAIN, 2019. "Human Capital and Economic Growth," Working Papers of BETA 2019-02, Bureau d'Economie Théorique et Appliquée, UDS, Strasbourg.
    9. ?gel de la Fuente, "undated". "Convergence Across Countries And Regions: Theory And Empirics," UFAE and IAE Working Papers 447.00, Unitat de Fonaments de l'Anàlisi Econòmica (UAB) and Institut d'Anàlisi Econòmica (CSIC).
    10. Michael S. Delgado & Daniel J. Henderson & Christopher F. Parmeter, 2014. "Does Education Matter for Economic Growth?," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 76(3), pages 334-359, June.
    11. Antonio Paradiso & Saten Kumar & B. Bhaskara Rao, 2013. "The growth effects of education in Australia," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 45(27), pages 3843-3852, September.
    12. Guangyou Zhou & Sumei Luo, 2018. "Higher Education Input, Technological Innovation, and Economic Growth in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-15, July.
    13. Åsa Johansson, 2016. "Public Finance, Economic Growth and Inequality: A Survey of the Evidence," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1346, OECD Publishing.
    14. Andrea Bassanini & Stefano Scarpetta, 2003. "The Driving Forces of Economic Growth: Panel Data Evidence for the OECD Countries," OECD Economic Studies, OECD Publishing, vol. 2001(2), pages 9-56.
    15. Turnovsky, S., 2000. "Growth in an Open Economy: some Recent Developments," Papers 5, Warwick - Development Economics Research Centre.
    16. Iancu, Aurel, 2009. "Real Economic Convergence," Working Papers of National Institute for Economic Research 090104, Institutul National de Cercetari Economice (INCE).
    17. Joëlle Noailly & Daniël Waagmeester & Bas Jacobs & Marieke Rensman & Dinand Webbink, 2005. "Scarcity of science and engineering students in the Netherlands," CPB Document 92, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.
    18. Adriana Di Liberto, 2007. "Convergence and Divergence in Neoclassical Growth Models with Human Capital," Economia politica, Società editrice il Mulino, issue 2, pages 289-322.
    19. Daren, Conrad, 2007. "Education and Economic Growth: Is There a Link?," MPRA Paper 18176, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2009.
    20. Tibebe A. Assefa & André Varella Mollick, 2017. "Financial Development and Economic Growth in Africa," Journal of African Business, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(3), pages 320-339, July.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:hal:cesptp:hal-04084079. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: CCSD (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.