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Changing Children’s Lives Risks and Opportunities (Cambiando la vida de los niños)

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El desarrollo de los niños y su bienestar están significativamente influenciados por su entorno familiar y comunitario, lo que se tiene que tener en cuenta respecto de los niños pobres porque ellos enfrentan mayores riesgos. Este documento resume las conclusiones que surgen del estudio Niños del Milenio/Young Lives para mostrar cómo el desarrollo de los niños está determinado por diferentes factores de su ambiente -incluyendo riesgos y oportunidades- destacando los cambios diarios en sus vidas durante esta, la primera década del siglo XXI. El texto demuestra cómo la reducción de la pobreza y la mejora del acceso a los servicios y la educación han reducido algunas desventajas, así como han creado nuevas oportunidades para muchos niños. Sin embargo, vemos tres aspectos principales en los que los niños más pobres se están quedando atrás, pese a que los niveles de vida de otros niños más privilegiados están mejorando. Primero, la expansión de la cobertura educativa y las altas aspiraciones de los niños y sus padres, requiere ser aprovechado a través de mejoras en la calidad de la escuela, eficacia y pertinencia. Empero, no todos los niños se han beneficiado del incremento de la cobertura escolar puesto que existen marcadas diferencias de calidad de la escuela y de las condiciones educativas, que en algunos casos podrían mitigar las desventajas de los niños, pero que las podrían agravar en otros. Segundo, los niños que viven en las comunidades más pobres tienen más probabilidades de sufrir múltiples desventajas simultáneas, como vivir en zonas rurales remotas, carecer de buena infraestructura estatal y eficientes servicios públicos, recibir educación de mala calidad y acceder en menor medida a la tecnología. Abordar la inequidad precisa políticas enfocadas en las áreas geográficas vulnerables, más que en hogares individuales. Tercero, el cambio social en las actitudes y aspiraciones están trayendo nuevas oportunidades para los niños, así como novedosas expectativas sobre sus roles y futuras responsabilidades. Pero, al mismo tiempo, en muchos casos, las niñas y mujeres jóvenes enfrentan más tensiones y presiones sociales. Así, las políticas públicas deben tener en cuenta también los problemas en que se relaciona pobreza y género, puesto que ello moldea las costumbres de las familias de los niños y niñas. Asegurar que los jóvenes puedan acceder a una educación de buena calidad, servicios de salud y oportunidades de empleo es una manera importante de combatir eventuales prácticas tradicionales. El documento sostiene que la creación de un entorno que sostenga el desarrollo del niño requiere abordar las causas estructurales de la inequidad, priorizando las comunidades donde los niños sufren múltiples desventajas simultáneamente. Este es el contexto para el entorno post- 2015, y para el desarrollo de políticas sociales eficaces que aseguren que “nadie se quede atrás”.

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  • Gabriela Guerrero & Juan Leon & Kirrily Pells & Martin Woodhead, 2014. "Changing Children’s Lives Risks and Opportunities (Cambiando la vida de los niños)," Documentos de Trabajo (Niños del Milenio-GRADE) ninosmcambiandolavida, Niños del Milenio (Young Lives).
    • Handle: RePEc:gad:ninosm:ninosmcambiandolavida
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    1. Thi Thanh Huong Vu, 2016. "Understanding Children’s Experiences of Violence in Viet Nam: Evidence from Young Lives," Papers inwopa868, Innocenti Working Papers.

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