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Cliométrie du modèle WS-PS en France

Author

Listed:
  • Michel-Pierre Chelini
  • Georges Prat

Abstract

Le modèle Wage Setting – Price Setting (WS-PS, Layard - Nickel - Jackman (1991)) fondé sur les négociations salariés-employeurs fournit un cadre général théorique simple et opérationnel pour comprendre les évolutions macroéconomiques historiques du chômage et des salaires en France sur longue période. Dans ce cadre, nous montrons, d’une part, que le degré de rigidité du marché du travail est un phénomène devant être daté - une représentation espace-état semblant adaptée à cette nécessité (méthode du filtre de Kalman) – et, d’autre part, qu’il est nécessaire d’établir une distinction entre le prix de référence des salariés et celui fixé par les employeurs. En outre, moyennant des hypothèses additionnelles concernant la représentation de facteurs conjoncturels et structurels supposés mais non spécifiés dans WS-PS - nous montrons qu’il est possible de caractériser et de chiffrer par date les trois composantes du chômage d’équilibre : le chômage chronique (résultant d’un excès du coût réel du travail par rapport à la productivité), le chômage conjoncturel (résultant d’un niveau d’activité inférieur à la production potentielle), et le chômage structurel (résultant de facteurs volontaires, frictionnels et technologiques). Il apparaît qu’aucune de ces trois composantes ne peut être négligée par rapport aux deux autres. Le taux de salaire est quant à lui déterminé par une moyenne pondérée des équations WS et PS traduisant respectivement les exigences salariales des salariés et des employeurs, le coefficient de pondération de ces deux équations mesurant les forces de négociation respectives des deux parties. En moyenne sur l’ensemble de la période, les résultats suggèrent que les forces de négociation sont équilibrées entre les salariés et les employeurs. Le salaire nominal apparaît ainsi dépendre du niveau général des prix et de celui la productivité, du taux de marge des entreprises, et enfin du taux de chômage observé, l’influence de ce dernier pouvant changer de signe au cours du temps suivant l’importance relative que les salariés et les employeurs attribuent au sous-emploi au cours des négociations.

Suggested Citation

  • Michel-Pierre Chelini & Georges Prat, 2013. "Cliométrie du modèle WS-PS en France," EconomiX Working Papers 2013-17, University of Paris Nanterre, EconomiX.
  • Handle: RePEc:drm:wpaper:2013-17
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    File URL: http://economix.fr/pdf/dt/2013/WP_EcoX_2013-17.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Henry Muganza Ngongo & Antoine Kamiantako Miyamueni, 2018. "Chocs technologiques, chocs des prix et fluctuations du chômage en République Démocratique du Congo," Post-Print hal-01773922, HAL.

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • E24 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity
    • J2 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor
    • J30 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - General

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