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Human Trafficking, a Shadow of Migration: Evidence from Germany

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  • Seo-Young Cho

Abstract

This paper empirically analyzes the causal relationship between migration and human trafficking inflows into Germany during the period between 2001 and 2010. My results suggest that migrant networks, measured by migrant stocks from a specific source country, increase the illicit, exploitative form of migration - human trafficking - from that respective country. However, the network effect varies across different income levels of source countries. The significant, positive effect of migrant networks decreases as the income level increases, and furthermore the effect is insignificant for high income countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Seo-Young Cho, 2012. "Human Trafficking, a Shadow of Migration: Evidence from Germany," Economics of Security Working Paper Series 76, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    • Handle: RePEc:diw:diweos:diweos76
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gil S. Epstein & Ira N. Gang, 2010. "Migration and Culture," Working Papers 2010-17, Bar-Ilan University, Department of Economics.
    2. Kaufmann, Daniel & Kraay, Aart & Mastruzzi, Massimo, 2007. "Governance Matters VI: Aggregate and Individual Governance Indicators, 1996-2006," Policy Research Working Paper Series 4280, The World Bank.
    3. Danailova-Trainor, Gergana. & Belser, Patrick., 2006. "Globalization and the illicit market for human trafficking : an empirical analysis of supply and demand," ILO Working Papers 993953733402676, International Labour Organization.
    4. Greene, William, 2010. "Testing hypotheses about interaction terms in nonlinear models," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 107(2), pages 291-296, May.
    5. Pedersen, Peder J. & Pytlikova, Mariola & Smith, Nina, 2008. "Selection and network effects--Migration flows into OECD countries 1990-2000," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 52(7), pages 1160-1186, October.
    6. Randall Akee & Arnab K. Basu & Arjun Bedi & Nancy H. Chau, 2014. "Transnational Trafficking, Law Enforcement, and Victim Protection: A Middleman Trafficker's Perspective," Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 57(2), pages 349-386.
    7. Mckenzie, David & Rapoport, Hillel, 2007. "Network effects and the dynamics of migration and inequality: Theory and evidence from Mexico," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 84(1), pages 1-24, September.
    8. Akee, Randall K. Q. & Basu, Arnab K. & Chau, Nancy H. & Khamis, Melanie, 2010. "Ethnic Fragmentation, Conflict, Displaced Persons and Human Trafficking: An Empirical Analysis," IZA Discussion Papers 5142, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    9. repec:ilo:ilowps:395339 is not listed on IDEAS
    10. Cho, Seo-Young & Dreher, Axel & Neumayer, Eric, 2013. "Does Legalized Prostitution Increase Human Trafficking?," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 67-82.
    11. Omar Mahmoud, Toman & Trebesch, Christoph, 2009. "The Economic Drivers of Human Trafficking: Micro-Evidence from Five Eastern European Countries," Open Access Publications from Kiel Institute for the World Economy 39939, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    12. Axel Dreher, 2006. "Does globalization affect growth? Evidence from a new index of globalization," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 38(10), pages 1091-1110.
    13. repec:ilo:ilowps:395373 is not listed on IDEAS
    14. Danailova-Trainor, Gergana. & Belser, Patrick., 2006. "Globalization and the illicit market for human trafficking : an empirical analysis of supply and demand," ILO Working Papers 993953393402676, International Labour Organization.
    15. Seo-Young Cho, 2012. "Integrating Equality: Globalization, Women's Rights, and Human Trafficking," Economics of Security Working Paper Series 69, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    16. Niklas Jakobsson & Andreas Kotsadam, 2013. "The law and economics of international sex slavery: prostitution laws and trafficking for sexual exploitation," European Journal of Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 35(1), pages 87-107, February.
    17. Andreas Forø Tollefsen & Håvard Strand & Halvard Buhaug, 2012. "PRIO-GRID: A unified spatial data structure," Journal of Peace Research, Peace Research Institute Oslo, vol. 49(2), pages 363-374, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Simplice A. Asongu & Usman M. Usman & Xuan V. Vo, 2020. "The Novel Coronavirus (Covid-19): Theoretical and practical perspectives on children, women and sex trafficking," Research Africa Network Working Papers 20/039, Research Africa Network (RAN).
    2. Asongu, Simplice & Usman, Usman, 2020. "The Covid-19 pandemic: theoretical and practical perspectives on children, women and sex trafficking," MPRA Paper 107508, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Jill E.B. Coster van Voorhout, 2022. "How Human Trafficking Fuels Erosion of Liberal Democracies—In Fiction and Fact, and from within and without," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-38, November.
    4. Boxell, Levi, 2019. "Droughts, conflict, and the African slave trade," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 47(4), pages 774-791.
    5. Gregory E. van der Vink & Katherine N. Carlson & Erica Phillips & Sabrina H. Szeto & Jeffrey Park & Michael E. Jackson, 2024. "Identifying vulnerability to human trafficking in Bangladesh: An ecosystem approach using weak‐signal analysis," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 36(1), pages 524-540, January.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Human trafficking; Migration; Network effects;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F22 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Migration
    • J23 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Demand
    • J61 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers

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