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Cali a comienzos del Siglo XXI: ¿Crisis o recuperación?

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  • Andrea Otero

Abstract

During the nineties, Cali went through a series of events that resulted into a crisis. In the same decade happened: the economic liberalization, the largest mortgage crisis over the past 30 years of the country, the crisis in public finances of the city and the upsurge of drug trafficking. These factors, jointly, had adverse consequences for the economic growth of the city, especially for the industrial sector. At the beginning of the XXI Century, the city tries to recover from that terrible decade. The services and trade sector is the most important, while industry shows some positive results. However, Cali has high rates of unemployment, poverty and inequality. The education and public finances sectors also require interventions, since the results obtained in these two fields are lower than those attained by similar cities. But the main problem of the city is violence, reflected in high homicide rates and its impact on the dynamics of physical, human and social capital accumulation. Drug trafficking, historical and current, seems to be the reason for this situation. That activity has contributed to increase levels of violence in Cali and other municipalities of Valle del Cauca, and weakens local institutions, encourages corruption and creates a bad investment climate that affects industry negatively. RESUMEN: Durante los noventa, Cali pasó por una serie de eventos que desencadenaron una crisis. En una misma década sucedieron: la apertura económica, la crisis hipotecaria más importante de los últimos 30 anos del país, la crisis en las finanzas públicas de la ciudad y el recrudecimiento del narcotráfico, los cuales, en conjunto, afectaron negativamente el crecimiento económico de la ciudad y tuvieron repercusiones especiales sobre el sector industrial. A comienzos del Siglo XXI, la ciudad intenta recuperarse de lo sucedido. El sector dedicado al comercio y los servicios es el más importante, mientras que la industria se recupera. Sin embargo, Cali presenta altas tasas de desempleo, pobreza y desigualdad. El sector educativo y las finanzas públicas también requieren intervenciones, ya que los resultados obtenidos en estos dos campos son inferiores a las de otras ciudades comparables. Pero el principal problema de la ciudad es la violencia, que se refleja en una alta tasa de homicidio y en su impacto sobre la acumulación de capital físico, humano y social. El narcotráfico, histórico y actual, parece ser el culpable de esta situación. Esta actividad ha contribuido a aumentar los niveles de violencia en Cali y otros municipios del Valle del Cauca, además de debilitar las instituciones locales, fomentar la corrupción y generar un mal clima de inversión que no favorece a la industria.

Suggested Citation

  • Andrea Otero, 2012. "Cali a comienzos del Siglo XXI: ¿Crisis o recuperación?," Documentos de Trabajo Sobre Economía Regional y Urbana 9903, Banco de la República, Economía Regional.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000102:009903
    DOI: 10.32468/dtseru.172
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Crecimiento económico; violencia; narcotráfico; crisis; Cali.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D73 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - - - Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption
    • R11 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
    • R23 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population
    • R51 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Regional Government Analysis - - - Finance in Urban and Rural Economies

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