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Costos de la violencia urbana y políticas públicas: algunas lecciones de Medellín

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Listed author(s):
  • Carlos Medina

    ()

  • Christian Posso

    ()

  • Jorge Andrés Tamayo

    ()

Abstract

Este artículo describe la evolución y los principales determinantes de los homicidios en Medellín en los últimos 30 años, destacando el papel del narcotráfico en la financiación del crimen organizado presente en Medellín y otras ciudades del país y América Latina. Se enumeran y cuantifican varios de los principales costos sociales del crimen, enfatizando los costos sociales asociados a la vida diaria de los jóvenes de los barrios en conflicto, que en Medellín podrían abarcar a más de la mitad de la población, y los costos en dimensiones más amplias como la satisfacción con la vida. Se resaltan los efectos perdurables sobre la tasa de homicidios de la ciudad que tuvo el proceso de desmovilización de paramilitares, a pesar de la rápida capacidad que tiene el crimen organizado de reinventarse y reactivarse. La reevaluación de una intervención militar masiva orientada a erradicar grupos delincuenciales de una zona de la ciudad, denominada Operación Orión, revela que la misma solamente habría disminuido la tasa de homicidios en el corto plazo. No obstante los altos costos que gran parte de la ciudadanía paga por cuenta del conflicto, se describe la falta de sensibilización a la ciudadanía por parte de los hacedores de política, y las consecuencias que esta situación implica en la construcción de consensos en torno al salto en intervenciones que se requiere dar para enfrentar la situación.

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Paper provided by BANCO DE LA REPÚBLICA in its series BORRADORES DE ECONOMIA with number 009076.

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Length: 42
Date of creation: 10 Oct 2011
Handle: RePEc:col:000094:009076
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Keywords: Crimen; seguridad nacional y conflicto; relaciones intergubernamentales.;

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
  • K42 - Law and Economics - - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior - - - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
  • H56 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - National Security and War
  • H7 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations

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  1. Blanchflower, David G. & Oswald, Andrew J., 2004. "Well-being over time in Britain and the USA," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(7-8), pages 1359-1386, July.
  2. Carlos Medina & Jorge Andrés Tamayo, 2011. "An Assessment of How Urban Crime and Victimization Affects Life Satisfaction," Borradores de Economia 640, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  3. Leonardo Fabio Morales, 2015. "Peer Effects on a Fertility Decision: an Application for Medellín, Colombia," ECONOMIA JOURNAL OF THE LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN ECONOMIC ASSOCIATION, ECONOMIA JOURNAL OF THE LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN ECONOMIC ASSOCIATION, vol. 0(Spring 20), pages 119-159, February.
  4. Nattavudh Powdthavee, 2005. "Unhappiness and Crime: Evidence from South Africa," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 72(3), pages 531-547, 08.
  5. Alejandro Gaviria & Carlos Medina & Leonardo Morales & Jairo Núñez, 2010. "The Cost of Avoiding Crime: The Case of Bogotá," NBER Chapters,in: The Economics of Crime: Lessons for and from Latin America, pages 101-132 National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  6. Clark, Andrew E & Oswald, Andrew J, 1994. "Unhappiness and Unemployment," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 104(424), pages 648-659, May.
  7. Gaviria, Alejandro, 2000. "Increasing returns and the evolution of violent crime: the case of Colombia," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 61(1), pages 1-25, February.
  8. Carlos Medina & Christian Posso & Jorge Andrés Tamayo, 2011. "Costos de la violencia urbana y políticas públicas: algunas lecciones de Medellín," Borradores de Economia 674, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  9. Bernard M.S. van Praag & Néstor Gandelman & Ada Ferrer-i-Carbonell & Andrés Ham & Eduardo Lora & Martín Tetaz & Carlos Medina & Pablo Sanguinetti & Guillermo Cruces & Giorgina Piani & Lorena Alcázar &, 2010. "The Quality of Life in Latin American Cities: Markets and Perception," IDB Publications (Books), Inter-American Development Bank, number 60258 edited by Bernard M.S. van Praag & Eduardo Lora & Pablo Sanguinetti & Andrew Powell, February.
  10. repec:idb:brikps:60258 is not listed on IDEAS
  11. Rodrigo R. Soares & Joana Naritomi, 2010. "Understanding High Crime Rates in Latin America: The Role of Social and Policy Factors," NBER Chapters,in: The Economics of Crime: Lessons for and from Latin America, pages 19-55 National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  12. Rodrigo Reis Soares, 2010. "Welfare Costs of Crime and Common Violence: A Critical Review," Textos para discussão 581, Department of Economics PUC-Rio (Brazil).
  13. Alex Michalos & Bruno Zumbo, 2000. "Criminal Victimization and the Quality of Life," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 50(3), pages 245-295, June.
  14. Alejandro Gaviria & Carlos Medina & Jorge Tamayo, 2010. "Assessing the Link between Adolescent Fertility and Urban Crime," BORRADORES DE ECONOMIA 006860, BANCO DE LA REPÚBLICA.
  15. Soares, Rodrigo R., 2006. "The welfare cost of violence across countries," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 25(5), pages 821-846, September.
  16. Mark A. Cohen, 2008. "The Effect of Crime on Life Satisfaction," The Journal of Legal Studies, University of Chicago Press, vol. 37(S2), pages 325-353, 06.
  17. Juan Luis Londoño & Rodrigo Guerrero & Bernard Couttolene & Ignácio Cano & Leandro Piquet Carneiro & Luciana Phebo & Mauricio Rubio & José Miguel Cruz & Luis Armando González & Luis Ernesto Romano & E, 2000. "Asalto al desarrollo: Violencia en América Latina," IDB Publications (Books), Inter-American Development Bank, number 43498 edited by Juan Luis Londoño & Alejandro Gaviria & Rodrigo Guerrero, February.
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Cited by:

  1. Andrea Otero., 2012. "Cali a comienzos del Siglo XXI: ¿Crisis o recuperación?," Documentos de trabajo sobre Economía Regional y Urbana 172, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  2. Gregory L. Haugan, 2016. "The effect of urban violence on student achievement in Medellin, Colombia," DOCUMENTOS CEDE 014326, UNIVERSIDAD DE LOS ANDES-CEDE.
  3. Arlen Guarín & Carlos Medina & Jorge Andrés Tamayo, 2013. "The Effects of Punishment of Crime in Colombia on Deterrence, Incapacitation, and Human Capital Formation," BORRADORES DE ECONOMIA 010972, BANCO DE LA REPÚBLICA.
  4. Camilo Alberto Cárdenas Hurtado & María Alejandra Hernández Montes & Jhon Edwar Torres Gorron, 2015. "A Statistical Analysis of Heterogeneity on Labour Markets and Unemployment Rates in Colombia," REVISTA DESARROLLO Y SOCIEDAD, UNIVERSIDAD DE LOS ANDES-CEDE, August.
  5. La reinvenci´on de Medellin., 2012. "La reinvencion de Medellin," Documentos de trabajo sobre Economía Regional y Urbana 174, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  6. Carlos Medina & Jorge Andrés Tamayo & Christian Posso, 2013. "The Effect of Adult Criminals’ Spillovers On the Likelihood of Youths Becoming Criminals," Borradores de Economia 755, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  7. Carlos Medina & Christian Posso & Jorge Andrés Tamayo, 2011. "Costos de la violencia urbana y políticas públicas: algunas lecciones de Medellín," Borradores de Economia 674, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  8. Catalina Gómez Toro & Hermilson Velásquez & Joaquín Andrés Urrego & Juan David Valderrama, 2014. "Efecto de los Ingresos Permanentes sobre el Delito: Un Enfoque Espacial y un Caso de Aplicación," DOCUMENTOS DE TRABAJO CIEF 010900, UNIVERSIDAD EAFIT.
  9. Camilo Alberto Cárdenas Hurtado & María Alejandra Hernández Montes & Jhon Edwar Torres Gorron, 2014. "An Exploratory Analysis of Heterogeneity on Regional Labour Markets and Unemployment Rates in Colombia: An MFACT approach," Borradores de Economia 802, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.

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