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Disentangling managerial incentives from a dynamic perspective: the role of stock grants

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  • Amal Hili
  • Didier Laussel
  • Ngo Van Long

Abstract

We analyze the optimal contract between a risk-averse manager and the initial shareholders in a two-period model where the manager’s investment effort, carried out in period 1, and her current effort, carried out in period 2, both impact the second-period profit, so that it may be difficult to disentangle the incentives for these two types of effort. The contract stipulates (a) the profit-contingent cash remunerations for each period, (b) the number of shares that will be granted to the manager at the end of the first period, and (c) the restrictions (if any) on the sale of the granted stock. We show that the stock grants play different roles according to whether the signal of investment effort is less noisy, or noisier, than that of current effort. In the former case, at the optimal solution the firm gives more incentive to investment effort than to period 2 current effort, and there is no need to restrict the sale of granted stocks: the stock grants serve as an incentive device for investment effort, and it is efficient to permit the manager to sell all her shares to eliminate her dividend risk. In the latter case, the efficient contract does not allow the manager to sell all her granted stock, and both current and investment efforts are given the same incentive. In this case, stock grants play a different role: they serve as commitment device to overcome the time-inconsistency problem. We determine simultaneously the optimal stock grants and the optimal restrictions on sales of shares. Nous analysons le contrat optimal entre un gestionnaire et les actionnaires initiaux dans un modèle à deux périodes où l’effort d’investissement du gestionnaire, effectué dans la période 1, et son effort courant, dans la période 2, determinent le profit de la deuxième période, de sorte qu’il peut être difficile de distinguer les incitations à ces deux types d’effort. Le contrat spécifie a) des rémunérations pour chaque période, b) le nombre d’actions qui sera accordé au gestionnaire à la fin de la première période et c) les restrictions (le cas échéant) sur le vente des actions acquises. Nous montrons que les attributions d’actions jouent des rôles différents selon que le signal de l’effort d’investissement est moins bruyant ou plus bruyant que celui de l’effort actuel. Dans le premier cas, l’entreprise donne plus d’incitation à l’effort d’investissement, et il n’y a pas besoin de restreindre la vente d’actions attribuées, et il est efficace de permettre au gestionnaire de vendre toutes ses actions pour éliminer son risque de dividende. Dans le dernier cas, le contrat efficace ne permet pas au gestionnaire de vendre toutes ses actions, et les deux efforts actuels et d’investissement reçoivent le même incitatif. Dans ce cas, l’octroi d’actions sert à surmonter le problème d’incohérence temporelle. Nous déterminons simultanément le nombre d’actions attribuées et les restrictions optimales sur les ventes d’actions.

Suggested Citation

  • Amal Hili & Didier Laussel & Ngo Van Long, 2016. "Disentangling managerial incentives from a dynamic perspective: the role of stock grants," CIRANO Working Papers 2016s-48, CIRANO.
  • Handle: RePEc:cir:cirwor:2016s-48
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wang, Cheng, 1997. "Incentives, CEO Compensation, and Shareholder Wealth in a Dynamic Agency Model," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 76(1), pages 72-105, September.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Stock grants; executive compensation; incentive contract; moral hazard; agency problems; Octroi d’actions; rémunération des dirigeants; contrat incitatif; risque moral; problèmes d’agence;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • M51 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Personnel Economics - - - Firm Employment Decisions; Promotions
    • M52 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Personnel Economics - - - Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects

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