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Deforestation: A Global and Dynamic Perspective

Author

Listed:
  • Farid Farrokhi
  • Elliot Kang
  • Heitor S. Pellegrina
  • Sebastian Sotelo

Abstract

We study deforestation in a dynamic world trade system. We first document that between 1990-2020: (i) global forest area has decreased by 7.1 percent, with large heterogeneity across countries, (ii) deforestation is associated with expansions of agricultural land use, (iii) deforestation is larger in countries with a comparative advantage in agriculture, and (iv) population growth causes deforestation. Motivated by these facts, we build a model in which structural change and comparative advantage determine the extent, location, and timing of deforestation. Using the model, we obtain conditions under which reductions in trade costs and tariffs reduce global deforestation. Quantitatively, eliminating global agricultural tariffs has limited impacts on global forest area, leads to substantial forest reallocation across countries, and results in net welfare benefits.

Suggested Citation

  • Farid Farrokhi & Elliot Kang & Heitor S. Pellegrina & Sebastian Sotelo, 2025. "Deforestation: A Global and Dynamic Perspective," CESifo Working Paper Series 12077, CESifo.
    • Handle: RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12077
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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • F1 - International Economics - - Trade
    • F18 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade and Environment
    • Q5 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics
    • N5 - Economic History - - Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment and Extractive Industries

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